Sudden cardiac death caused by myocarditis in persons aged 1–49 years: a nationwide study of 14 294 deaths in Denmark

Lynge, Thomas Hadberg; Nielsen, Trine Skov; Winkel, Bo Gregers; Tfelt-Hansen, Jacob; Banner, Jytte

doi:10.1080/20961790.2019.1595352

Cited by 63 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is also a relatively common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people (from 6% to 10% in autopsy-based series; Table I in the Data Supplement ). 4 , 5 , 119 – 121 Furthermore, in some patients, inflammation may cause extensive scarring that triggers left ventricular (LV) remodeling, leading eventually to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 6 or alternatively to a predominant hypokinetic nondilated phenotype of cardiomyopathy. Myocarditis can be characterized according to etiology, phase, and severity of the disease, predominant symptoms, and pathological findings.…”

Section: Definitions Epidemiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

Ammirati

Frigerio

Adler

et al. 2020

Circ: Heart Failure

504

601

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Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart that may occur because of infections, immune system activation, or exposure to drugs. The diagnosis of myocarditis has changed due to the introduction of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We present an expert consensus document aimed to summarize the common terminology related to myocarditis meanwhile highlighting some areas of controversies and uncertainties and the unmet clinical needs. In fact, controversies persist regarding mechanisms that determine the transition from the initial trigger to myocardial inflammation and from acute myocardial damage to chronic ventricular dysfunction. It is still uncertain which viruses (besides enteroviruses) cause direct tissue damage, act as triggers for immune-mediated damage, or both. Regarding terminology, myocarditis can be characterized according to etiology, phase, and severity of the disease, predominant symptoms, and pathological findings. Clinically, acute myocarditis (AM) implies a short time elapsed from the onset of symptoms and diagnosis (generally <1 month). In contrast, chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy indicates myocardial inflammation with established dilated cardiomyopathy or hypokinetic nondilated phenotype, which in the advanced stages evolves into fibrosis without detectable inflammation. Suggested diagnostic and treatment recommendations for AM and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy are mainly based on expert opinion given the lack of well-designed contemporary clinical studies in the field. We will provide a shared and practical approach to patient diagnosis and management, underlying differences between the European and US scientific statements on this topic. We explain the role of histology that defines subtypes of myocarditis and its prognostic and therapeutic implications.

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Section: Definitions Epidemiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

Ammirati

Frigerio

Adler

et al. 2020

Circ: Heart Failure

504

601

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In acute myocarditis which can be associated with SARS-CoV-2, histology is characterized by lymphomonocytic infiltrate, interstitial oedema, myocytolisys, as observed in myocarditis which is associated with other etiological agents according to Dallas Criteria [ 24 ]. It is cause of sudden cardiac death [ 18 , 25 ], ( Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Findings (Myocarditis Ima Dic) In Cov-19 DImentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Brief check through the pathologist's eye (autopsy archive)

Mansueto

2020

Pathology - Research and Practice

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, many deaths occurred especially among the old patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Many questions have been asked and few simple answers have been given. The autopsy data are few and the aspects often observed are pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); these aspects are not only in COVID-19 but also in other viral infections and in sepsis. It should be considered that coronavirus with its pathological organ changes have already been described in the years preceding the pandemic.

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“…These include dilated cardiomyopathies, HCM, ARVC, infiltrative diseases (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis), myocarditis, and congenital abnormalities. It is clear that SCD caused by non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies is higher in younger populations (15-30% of SCD in under 35's) [22][23][24].…”

Section: Structural Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management

Kumar

Avishay

Jones

et al. 2021

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected sudden death due to a heart condition, that occurs within one hour of symptoms onset. SCD is a leading cause of death in western countries, and is responsible for the majority of deaths from cardiovascular disease. Moreover, SCD accounts for mortality in approximately half of all coronary heart disease patients. Nevertheless, the recent advancements made in screening, prevention, treatment, and management of the underlying causes has decreased this number. In this article, we sought to review established and new modes of screening patients at risk for SCD, treatment and prevention of SCD, and the role of new technologies in the field. Further, we delineate the current epidemiologic trends and pathogenesis. In particular, we describe the advancement in molecular autopsy and genetic testing, the role of target temperature management, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and transvenous and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter devices (ICDs).

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Sudden cardiac death caused by myocarditis in persons aged 1–49 years: a nationwide study of 14 294 deaths in Denmark

Cited by 63 publications

References 47 publications

Management of Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

Management of Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

COVID-19: Brief check through the pathologist's eye (autopsy archive)

Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management

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