Sudden death syndrome - a growing threat of losses in soybeans.

Abstract

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme is one of the major yield-limiting soil borne diseases of soybean (Glycine max). The SDS has been reported from 21 U.S. states and is known to occur in Africa, North America, and South America. In the U.S. the losses due to SDS was estimated at $3.06 billion for a period from 1988 to 2010. Since 1983, several management approaches have been investigated to reduce SDS and yet, continued efforts are necessary to develop long term disease management programs and to sustain disease below economic threshold levels. Integrating available control measures is an option, but adaptability and real-world assessments are equally important. Support of several funding agencies to better understand the disease in identifying suitable control measures to reduce yield losses in commercial cultivations has been indispensable in accomplishing these goals. In spite of sustained efforts, SDS continued to spread within the U.S. and reported in seven other countries since its first report in 1971.Comprehensive reviews have previously been published on this disease by Roy et al. [98], Leandro et al. [58], and Hartman et al. [32]. In this review, updated information on geographic distribution and economic significance of SDS, epidemiology, factors affecting SDS, and management options for SDS including screening techniques have been compiled. Also, discussed significant gaps in use of plant, fungi and bacteria based biocontrol agents in addressing management of SDS.Keywords: Soybean sudden death syndrome, SDS, Fusarium virguliforme, biocontrol, global reports, yield losses due to SDS, epidemiological factors, greenhouse and field screening. ______________________________________________________________________________This is a manuscript of an article from CAB Reviews 11 (2016): 039, doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201611039. Navi, S. S.; Yang, X. B. 2016. Sudden death syndrome -a growing threat of losses in soybeans. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Aoki et al., and F. virguliforme,90] is an economically significant soil-borne disease, and a risk to many soybean production areas worldwide. The disease was first observed by H.J. Walters in Arkansas, United States in 1971[100], but it was only in 1983 that the disease was named as sudden death syndrome (SDS) of unknown etiology [40]. As of this review, the disease has been reported in three continents, North America (Canada and United States), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay), and Africa (South Africa), and within the United States 21 states (Fig. 1) Whether the pathogens causing SDS have been introduced in to new regions or if they have been present in the soil in production fields of these countries for some time without being detected is unknown. After the SDS was detected in Iowa [150], Scherm and Yang [114] developed a risk assessment model to determine potential geographic range of development of this disease, which was considered a southern disease by then, in North America. They predi...

Diversity of Pythium spp. associated with soybean damping-off, and management implications by using foliar fungicides as seed treatments

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Exploring the Potential of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery for the Detection of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome

“…The disease is caused by Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), a soilborne fungal pathogen [6], and is widely distributed across 23 U.S. states, including those accounting for most U.S. soybean production. During the years from 2006 to 2014, annual yield losses in the U.S. due to SDS were estimated at between 0.6 and 1.9 million metric tons [7], representing 200 to 750 million dollars in monetary losses [8].…”

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