“…In SSNHL, significant associations have been reported mainly for polymorphisms in genes related to blood vessels, circulation, or inflammation, including protein kinase C eta type (1425G/A), matrix metalloproteinase-1 ( -1607G/2G), interleukin 1A ( -889C/T), interleukin 6 ( -572C/G), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T), prothrombin (G20210A), platelet Gly IIIaA1/ A2, and factor V Leiden (Capaccio et al, 2005a(Capaccio et al, , 2005b(Capaccio et al, , 2007(Capaccio et al, , 2009Uchida et al, 2010Uchida et al, , 2011Furuta et al, 2011;Nam et al, 2011;Hiramatsu et al 2012). In Ménière's disease, significant associations have been reported for genetic polymorphisms, such as those in the KCNE potassium channel genes (in the Japanese population, but not in Caucasians), adducin 1 (Gly460Trp), heat-shock protein 70-1 (190G/C), and interleukin 1A (-889C/T) (Doi et al, 2005;Kawaguchi et al, 2008;Teggi et al, 2008;Campbell et al, 2010;Furuta et al, 2011).…”