Sudden unexpected death in a female fitness athlete, with a possible connection to the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and ephedrine

Thiblin, Ingemar; Mobini-Far, Hamid; Frisk, M

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.004

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It would appear from the literature reviewed for this paper that there is a growing number of studies linking AAS use with cardiotoxic events and disturbances (Ahlgrim & Guglin , Thiblin et al . , Joynes , Montisci et al . , Akçakoyun et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injecting use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) in the general population: a systematic review

Brennan

Wells

Hout

2016

Health Soc Care Community

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Injecting use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) in the general population is a public health concern. A wide and varied range of IPED are now easily accessible to all through the online market. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken according to Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) guidelines for systematic review, to identify the relevant literature. No date restrictions were placed on the database search in the case of human growth hormone melanotan I and II, and oil and cosmetic injectables. In the case of anabolic androgenic steroids search dates were restricted to January 2014-2015. Publications not in English and with a lack of specificity to the topic were excluded. The review yielded 133 relevant quantitative and qualitative papers, clinical trials, clinical case presentations and editorials/reports. Findings were examined/reviewed under emergent themes which identified/measured extent of use, user profiling, sourcing, product endorsement, risk behaviours and health outcomes in users. Motivation for IPED use may be grounded in appearance, pursuit of health and youth, and body image disturbance. IPED users can practice moderated use, with pathological use linked to high-risk behaviours, which may be normalised within IPED communities. Many IPED trajectories and pathways of use are not scientifically documented. Much of this information may be available online in IPED specific discussion forums, an underutilised setting for research, where uncensored discourse takes place among users. This review underscores the need for future internet and clinical research to investigate prevalence and patterns of injecting use, and to map health outcomes in IPED users. This paper provides community-based clinical practice and health promotion services with a detailed examination and analysis of the injecting use of IPED, highlighting the patterns of this public health issue. It serves to disseminate updated publication information to health and social policy makers and those in health service practice who are involved in harm reduction intervention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The injecting use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) in the general population: a systematic review

Brennan

Wells

Hout

2016

Health Soc Care Community

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“…There are no signs of atherosclerosis or thrombosis, i.e. focal myocardial fibrosis, but with foci of contraction band necrosis [9], concentric cardiac hypertrophy with focal fibrosis, dilated cardiomyopathy with patchy myocyte death, eosinophilic myocarditis [10], few small foci of granulation tissue and lymphocytic infiltration around vessels [11], marked cardiac and renal hypertrophy and hepatosplenomegaly, with regional myocardial fibrosis and focal myocardial necrosis [12], and acute cellular necrosis and interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, evidence has emerged of cases with heart failure, but no signs of coronary or aorta atherosclerosis where the most important pathological findings have been found, not only in gross examination but more frequently in histological samples [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventricular androgenic-anabolic steroid-related remodeling: an immunohistochemical study

Cecchi¹,

Muciaccia

Ciallella

et al. 2017

Int J Legal Med

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“…Decreases in adrenal cortical and medullary thicknesses were evident at autopsy; capsule thickness was increased [24] . Among-species differences may explain why long-term injection of AAS yielded different results in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The volumetric effects of nandrolone deconate treatment on the adrenal zones of male and female rats

Cüce

Tasgin

Bahar

et al. 2015

J Adv Nutr Hum Metab

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Nandrolone deconoate (ND), a testosterone analog, is often inappropriately used at high doses by sportspersons.The aim of the present study was to explore the volumetric effects of ND on the adrenal gland zones of male and female rats using a stereological technique. A total of 34 rats (30 days of age; 17 males, 17 females) were used. Control male (HMC) and female (HFC) control groups, vehicle male (VM) and female groups (VF), and Nandrolone deconoate male (NDM) and female (NDF) groups, were formed. Intraperitoneal (IP) injections were given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, all rats were euthanized and the adrenal glands immediately removed. The tissues were fixed in Bouin's fluid and paraffin blocks were prepared for routine histological examination. Serial sections were selected using a systematic random sampling method, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic images were transferred to a personal computer. The zonal and medullary volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. In male rats, significant differences were evident in the volumes of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and medulla between the HMC and VM groups (P<0.05). The medullary volumes differed between the VM and NDM groups (P<0.05); however, NDM was the experimental group and VM the vehicle (oil) group. No difference was evident between the NDM and control groups. In female rats, no difference was evident between any two groups. Thus, ND does not seem to affect the rat adrenal glands.

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Sudden unexpected death in a female fitness athlete, with a possible connection to the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and ephedrine

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

The injecting use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) in the general population: a systematic review

The injecting use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) in the general population: a systematic review

Ventricular androgenic-anabolic steroid-related remodeling: an immunohistochemical study

The volumetric effects of nandrolone deconate treatment on the adrenal zones of male and female rats

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