SUFE and the internet: are healthcare information websites accessible to parents?

Carthy, Andrea Mc; Taylor, Colm

doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000782

Cited by 13 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Ideally, they should look for a readability software that identi es complex words and offers substitutions; the authors suggest this as most experienced physicians are used to academic script and may be blinded to what constitutes a simple or complex word. An example of this would be substituting the more complex "components" for the simpler, more readily understood words "parts" [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a single day in the month of June 2020, we searched for websites on Google and Bing using the terms total ankle replacement and total ankle arthroplasty [49](SUFE). For each of these searches, the rst three pages of returned hits were evaluated (n-110).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each of these searches, the rst three pages of returned hits were evaluated (n-110). The reasoning behind this methodology and limit was based on evidence provided by previous studies which have shown that most people do not look beyond the rst two pages of website hits and that the majority of people only look at the rst page of hits [49][50]. The gures for the returned hits for each search engine and each search term are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next step in the analysis was to categorise the 36 included websites by type; following the methodology used in previous studies these categories included academic, physician, non-physician, commercial, media and news, social media and non-speci ed [49][50][51]. Any website linked to a university or teaching hospital was considered academic while physician websites referred speci cally to any private website owned by a doctor in private practice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial denoted websites which contained advertising or were trying to sell products. Social media was added as a category to acknowledge the increased in uence of Facebook, Instagram, Tinder and Tik Tok in the modern era [49][50][51]. Finally, sites which did not fall into any of the above categories were classed as unspeci ed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of Readability of Information on the Internet Regarding Total Ankle Replacement

Carthy¹,

Flavin²

2021

Preprint

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Background:Health literacy is defined as the ability to understand basic health information with such competence as to be able to use this information to enhance health. Lower health literacy is associated with increased post-operative complications, reduced satisfaction and compliance. To ensure accessibility and comprehension by the general public, many international health organisations suggest that health literature has a reading grade level equivalent to the American sixth grade. However, previous studies show that this rarely occurs.Total ankle replacement (TAR) technology has rapidly progressed with new prosthesis showing increasingly improving outcomes. However, TAR remains a complex procedure which may be challenging to explain to the patient. Thus, many patients will turn to the internet for more information and as a ‘quasi-second opinion’. If the health education materials provided on the internet is not accessible to patients, it can leave them overwhelmed and confused. The aim of the study is to evaluate the readability of information on the internet with regards to Total Ankle ReplacementMethods: 110 websites from the two main search engines (Google and Bing) were assessed using the terms ‘total ankle replacement’ and ‘total ankle arthroplasty’. Once duplicates had been removed and exclusion criteria were applied, 36 unique websites were categorised and underwent analysis using readability software (WEB FX readability tool). The websites were assessed for readability using the Fleisch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Reading Grade Level (RGL). A score of greater than 65 for FRES and an RGL of six or less were considered acceptable. Differential and Inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.Results:The mean FRES score was 54.95 (SD: ± 13.2); this was significantly below the recognised acceptable standard score of 65 (P<.0001). An ANOVA conducted showed significant difference between FRES scores based on categories (P=.041) with post-hoc testing showing that the difference between commercial and non-physician scores was the most significant (P=.016; CI:3.84-61.66).The mean RGL was 8.31 (SD: ± 1.95). One-way t-tests showed that these scores were significantly higher than the acceptable standard (P<.0001; CI: 1.64-2.97). ANOVA testing showed a significant difference based on category (P=.028) with post hoc testing showing significant difference between non physician and commercial scores (P=.012, CI: 0.71-9.33).Conclusion:The majority of the websites pertaining to total ankle replacement are significantly beyond the comprehension levels of the general public. This will affect the patient’s ability to discern the complexities and potential complications of total ankle arthroplasty, with serious ramifications for consent as well as post-operative rehabilitation and compliance.Level of Evidence: not applicable

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of Readability of Information on the Internet Regarding Total Ankle Replacement

Carthy¹,

Flavin²

2021

Preprint

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A cross-sectional quantitative analysis of the readability and quality of online resources regarding thumb carpometacarpal joint replacement surgery

Lim,

Sen

2024

Journal of Hand and Microsurgery

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Readability analysis of ChatGPT's responses on lung cancer

Gencer

2024

Sci Rep

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For common diseases such as lung cancer, patients often use the internet to obtain medical information. As a result of advances in artificial intelligence and large language models such as ChatGPT, patients and health professionals use these tools to obtain medical information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability of ChatGPT-generated responses with different readability scales in the context of lung cancer. The most common questions in the lung cancer section of Medscape® were reviewed, and questions on the definition, etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer (both NSCLC and SCLC) were selected. A set of 80 questions were asked 10 times to ChatGPT via the OpenAI API. ChatGPT's responses were tested using various readability formulas. The mean Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning FOG Scale, SMOG Index, Automated Readability Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Linsear Write Formula, Dale-Chall Readability Score, and Spache Readability Formula scores are at a moderate level (mean and standard deviation: 40.52 ± 9.81, 12.56 ± 1.66, 13.63 ± 1.54, 14.61 ± 1.45, 15.04 ± 1.97, 14.24 ± 1.90, 11.96 ± 2.55, 10.03 ± 0.63 and 5.93 ± 0.50, respectively). The readability levels of the answers generated by ChatGPT are "collage" and above and are difficult to read. Perhaps in the near future, the ChatGPT can be programmed to produce responses that are appropriate for people of different educational and age groups.

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SUFE and the internet: are healthcare information websites accessible to parents?

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

An Evaluation of Readability of Information on the Internet Regarding Total Ankle Replacement

An Evaluation of Readability of Information on the Internet Regarding Total Ankle Replacement

A cross-sectional quantitative analysis of the readability and quality of online resources regarding thumb carpometacarpal joint replacement surgery

Readability analysis of ChatGPT's responses on lung cancer

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