Suicidal sodium azide intoxication: An analytical challenge based on a rare case

Blanc-Louvry, Isabelle Le; Laburthe-Tolra, Patrick; Massol, Valerie; Papin, F; Goulle, J.; Lachâtre, Gérard; Gaulier, Jean‐Michel; Proust, B.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.006

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Undetectable azide concentrations in blood can also not exclude azide ingestion. In one lethal case, no azide was detected in blood, but azide ingestion was confirmed by analysing the gastric content 18 . Since elimination of azide is quick, blood samples taken after 12 hours of ingestion contain low or no azide concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Reported azide and cyanide concentrations in blood or plasma after suspected azide ingestion ranged from not detected to 262 µg/mL for azide 9‐11,14,16,21 and not detected to 9 µg/mL for cyanide 9,10,19 . Azide concentrations in the gastric content were much higher (up to 19 000 µg/mL) 18 . A calibration range was chosen from 1.0‐100 µg/mL for both analytes (sodium salt), and dilution integrity was included during the validation for sodium azide to be able to quantify high concentrations in the gastric content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few methods have been described in the literature for the determination of azide in biological matrices, 8‐17 but not for the combined analysis of azide and cyanide using the same procedure. Several reports found elevated levels of cyanide in blood or plasma after azide ingestion 9,10,14,18,19 . The metabolic pathway and whether the production of cyanide took place in vivo or post‐mortem is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological analysis of azide and cyanide for azide intoxications using gas chromatography

Bruin

Dekker

Venekamp

et al. 2020

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Azide is a highly toxic chemical agent to human being. Accidental, but also intentional exposure to azide occurs. To be able to confirm azide ingestion, we developed a method to identify and quantify azide in biological matrices. Cyanide was included in the method to evaluate suggested in vivo production of cyanide after azide ingestion. Azide in biological matrices was first derivatized by propionic anhydride to form propionyl azide. Simultaneously, cyanide was converted into hydrogen cyanide. After thermal rearrangement of propionyl azide, ethyl isocyanate was formed, separated together with hydrogen cyanide by gas chromatography (GC) and detected using a nitrogen phosphorous detector (NPD). The method was linear from 1.0‐100 µg/mL for both analytes, and azide was stable in human plasma at −20°C for at least 49 days. Azide was measured in the gastric content of two cases of suspected azide ingestion (case 1:1.2 mg/mL, case 2:1.5 mg/mL). Cyanide was only identified in the gastric content of case 1 (approximately 1.4 µg/mL). Furthermore, azide was quantified in plasma (19 µg/mL), serum (24 µg/mL), cell pellet (21 µg/mL) and urine (3.0 µg/mL) of case 2. This method can be used to confirm azide and cyanide exposure, and azide concentrations can be quantified in several biological matrices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicological analysis of azide and cyanide for azide intoxications using gas chromatography

Bruin

Dekker

Venekamp

et al. 2020

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Cases reported in the literature usually involve intake of cyanide by inhalation and per oral (6)(7)(8)(9). Cyanide injection is quite rare (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide attempt by subcutaneous injection of cyanide: a case report

Eroğlu¹,

Gunes²,

Nebioğlu³

2014

Dusunen Adam

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Suicide attempt by subcutaneous injection of cyanide: a case report Cyanide is a powerful poison which cause inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase system. Cyanide poisining can present in a wide variety of forms such as inhalation, ingestion or injection. Dermal exposure is rare, very few case reports have been reported about cyanide. In this paper, we present an uncommon case of a suicide attempt with cyanide injection. A 91 year old man with a history of depression admitted to the emergency department after injected cyanide to himself subcutaneously. He was diagnosed with depressive disorder and hospitalized after psychiatric assessment. The psychiatric history of this patient suggests that depression in elderly can give way to serious suicides attempts. Psychiatrists interested in treatment of elderly depressed patients should do careful monitoring about suicide.

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“…Since HE-MOFs are an emerging class of energetic material and possess very regular channels, introducing a dinitramide ion could increase [12] the sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, perhaps owing to excess compression of functional groups onto a limited backbone. Some powerful anions (azides or perchlorates) could cause serious environmental pollution [15][16][17], which restrict the range of application. Hence, finding suitable groups for high-energy MOFs remains a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Application of Hydroxyl Groups: Ligands for High Density Metal Organic Frameworks

Dong

et al. 2017

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Energetic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with energetic anions as ligands can be used as new-generation explosives. Many powerful anions have been introduced into energetic MOFs to improve the properties; however, the hydroxyl as a common group for energetic MOFs has rarely been studied. In this article, we present two examples of energetic MOFs ([Cu(atz)(NO 3 )(OH)] n ) and [Zn(ata)(OH)] (atz = 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole; ata = 5-amino-1H-tetrazole) with the hydroxyl group as the ligand. Crystal structure analyses reveal that the two compounds possess compact two-dimensional (2-D) structures with densities up to 2.41 g cm À3 and 2.54 g cm À3 , respectively. These two compounds have excellent physicochemical properties. The results demonstrate that a hydroxyl group as the ligands could commendably increase the densities of energetic MOFs, thereby enhancing the detonation performance. It is anticipated this work will open a new direction for the development of energetic MOFs.

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Suicidal sodium azide intoxication: An analytical challenge based on a rare case

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Toxicological analysis of azide and cyanide for azide intoxications using gas chromatography

Toxicological analysis of azide and cyanide for azide intoxications using gas chromatography

Suicide attempt by subcutaneous injection of cyanide: a case report

New Application of Hydroxyl Groups: Ligands for High Density Metal Organic Frameworks

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