Suicide risk configuration system in a clustered clinical sample: a generalized linear model obtained through the LASSO technique

Abstract

Objective:To identify clinical and sociodemographic factors that increase or decrease suicidal risk in a clinical sample of subjects seeking mental health care.Method:A cross-sectional study was performed at three health centers in Santiago, Chile. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ), Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2), Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), and State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), in addition to a sociodemographic survey, were applied to 544 participants (333 with suicidal behavior and 211 without current suicidal behavior). Through hierarchical clustering analysis, participants were grouped by similarity regarding suicidal risk. Then, a regression analysis was performed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique, and factors that decrease or increase suicide risk (SR) were identified for each cluster.Results:The resultant clusters were grouped mainly by the age of participants. The most important protective factor was having confidence in one’s own coping skills in difficult situations. Relevant risk factors were major depressive disorder (MDD), poor anger management, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships.Conclusions:Suicidal risk manifests differently throughout the life cycle, and different types of bonds may protect from or increase risk of suicide.

Factores de riesgo y protección del suicidio en personas mayores: una revisión sistemática

“…Ahora bien, factores como tener una mayor edad o una ocupación, el haber recibido o recibir tratamiento médico o psicológico, encontrarse en familias afectivas, tener creencias religiosas y motivos para vivir, pueden funcionar como factores protectores (Antón et al, 2013;Bethancourt et al, 2015;Bostwick et al, 2016;Castro et al, 2010;Echávarri et al, 2015;Maino et al, 2019).…”

“…No obstante, es posible que otros términos clave como "older people", "older adults", "seniors" o "elderly people", sean más representativos de la literatura referida a adultos mayores, por lo que es posible que haya estudios que no hayan sido tenidos en cuenta en la presente investigación. Por último, cabe mencionar que son escasos los estudios que señalan factores protectores (Maino et al, 2019;Bostwick et al, 2016;Bethancourt et al, 2015), por ello, futuras investigaciones deben tener en cuenta tanto los factores de riesgo como los de protección, pues estos últimos pueden ayudar a proponer programas de prevención del suicidio en personas mayores.…”

“…Otras variables que resultaron relevantes en la explicación del suicidio fueron el aislamiento y soledad percibida, presentes en el 50% de las personas que habían consumado el suicidio; así como la pérdida de seres queridos, la insatisfacción con las actividades cotidianas (62%) y la inactividad (44%) (Bethancourt et al, 2015;Peña-Caballero, 2011). En contraposición, las creencias de supervivencia, el afrontamiento y la presencia de razones para vivir funcionaron como factores protectores (Castro et al, 2010;Maino et al, 2019 106 personas con intentos de suicidio previos de alta y baja letalidad.…”

Recognizing states of psychological vulnerability to suicidal behavior: a Bayesian network of artificial intelligence applied to a clinical sample

“…Within the category of "new factors, " we include groups of variables that operate simultaneously. In other words, a new factor might constitute a configuration of variables that emerge at a particular time [5,23,25]. While there is still a lack of reliable tools to predict suicide, certain factors that are predominant when a person attempts to end his or her life can be established [36,42].…”

Recognizing states of psychological vulnerability to suicidal behavior: a Bayesian Network of Artificial Intelligence applied to a clinical sample.

“…Within the category of "new factors," we include groups of variables that also operate simultaneously. In other words, a new factor might constitute a configuration of variables that emerge at a particular time (Maino et al, 2018;Barros et al, 2017;. While there is still a lack of reliable tools to predict suicide, certain factors that are predominant at the time a person attempts to end their life can be established (WHO, 2002;Verrocchio et al, 2016).…”