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Barbituric, thiobarbituric acids and their related analogs are reactive synthons for the synthesis of drugs, biologically, and pharmaceutically active pyrimidines. The present review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the
synthesis of different alkyl-substituted, fused cycles, spiro-, and binary heterocycles incorporated pyrimidine skeleton
based on barbituric derivatives. In this sequence, the eco-friendly techniques under catalytic conditions were used for the
diverse types of multicomponent reactions under different conditions for the synthesis of various types of heterocycles.
Nano-catalysts are efficient for the synthesis of these compounds in high yields and effective catalyst reusability. The
compounds are potent antibacterial, cytotoxic, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, and attend as urease inhibitors. The
projected mechanisms for the synthesis of pyranopyrimidines, benzochromenopyrimidines, chromeno-pyranopyrimidines,
spiroxyindoles, oxospiro-tricyclic furopyrimidines, pyrimidine-based mono- and bicyclic pyridines were discussed. The
potent and diverse biological activities for instance, antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory
activities, as well as urease inhibitors, are specified.