Sulfatides Inhibit Adhesion, Migration, and Invasion of Murine Melanoma B16F10 Cell Line <i>in Vitro</i>

Abstract

Endogenous sulfatide, such as 3-sulfated galactosylceramide (3-sulfatide) has been reported to be involved in neuronal development and regulation of tumor cell metastasis. Recently, a new 6-sulfated glucosylceramide (6-sulfatide) has been isolated from the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. To determine the antitumor function of the new sulfatide, we examined the effects of synthetic 6-sulfatide and 3-sulfatide on the metastatic features of a murine melanoma cell line, B16F10. Both sulfatides significantly inhibited the adhesion of melanoma cells onto fibronectin-coated tissue plates and, the motility and invasion of the cells, with 6-sulfatide showing stronger inhibitory activities. In addition, both sulfatides inhibited α 5 -, and β 1 -but not α v -or β 3 -integrin expression. Furthermore, these sulfatides inhibited the activation of focal adhesion kinase, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways, which are thought to be important for cell migration and invasion. Therefore, these sulfatides may serve as promising drug candidates for the treatment of cancer metastasis.Key words sulfatide; adhesion; motility; invasion; melanoma 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide (3-sulfatide), was the first sulfolipid isolated from the human brain and other tissues. 3-Sulfatide has a variety of biological functions, on the nervous system, immune system, and bacterial infection.1) It interacts with several protein, including laminin, thrombospondin, antistatin, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120.2) 3-Sulfatide on the surface of cancer cells possibly serves as a native ligand for selectin, possibly contributing to facilitation of metastasis.3,4) Thus, it has been shown that 3-sulfatide mediated carcinoma adhesion to laminin and vitronectin, modulating metastatic potential. 5,6) Further, 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma cells that highly express sulfated lactosylcceramide exhibited low adhesiveness to fibronectin (FN) and laminin. These results are attributed to the decreased expression of α 5 -, α 6 -, and β 1 integrin. 7) On the other hand, exogenous 3-sulfatide can also bind to selectin and interfere the binding of selectin to neutrophils. 8,9) Metastasis of malignant tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites is a complex process including adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. Adhesion of melanoma cells to blood vessels may be triggered by binding selectin and their ligand. These results raised the possibility that exogenous sulfatide can suppress the metastasis. Recently, a new type of 6-sulfated glucosylceramide (6-sulfatide) was isolated from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, but its biological function remains unknown. This finding lead us to study the biological activity, particularly the effect on the metastatic function of 6-sulfatide. In this study, we synthesized two sulfatides, 3-sulfatide (1), as an endogenous sulfatide, and a new 6-O-(sodium oxysulfonyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 1)-(2S,3S,4R)-2-hexadecanamido-octadecane-1,3,4-triol (6-sulfatide) (2) (Fig. 1A). We examined their effec...

Magnetic chitosan oligomer‐sulfonate‐stearic acid triple combination as cisplatin carrier for site‐specific targeted on MCF‐7 cancer cells: Preparation, characterization and in vitro experiments

“…One of the known ligands to bind to cancer tissue is sulfatide. Sulfatide plays an important role in several biological systems and binds to a number of proteins, including selectin, which is important for metastasis (Ozawa et al, 2012). Many researchers used sulfatide to target drug carriers in specific cell tissues (Li et al, 2014; Lin et al, 2012).…”

Synthesis of the Carbohydrate Moiety of Glycoproteins from the Parasite Echinococcus granulosus and Their Antigenicity against Human Sera

“…In the course of our studies on natural oligosaccharides from invertebrate animal species, we are interested in the unique glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and glycoproteins (GPs) found in various Protostomia phyla and we have synthesized these oligosaccharides in order to elucidate biological functions [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In particular, our interests have been focused on the unique oligosaccharide structures of GSLs and GPs found in several parasites including Echinococcus multilocularis [ 2 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 15 ], Schistosoma mansoni [ 5 , 10 ], Ascaris suum [ 1 , 17 ], and Toxocara canis [ 6 ].…”

Synthesis of the Non Reducing End Oligosaccharides of Glycosphingolipids from <i>Ascaris suum</i>

“…Over the past years, we have been studying the structure activity relationships of glycosphingolipids from invertebrates animal species and have synthesized oligosaccharides from various Protostomia phyla. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Geyer et al identified glycosphingolipids having arthro-series carbohydrate structure (GlcNAcβ1 3Manβ1 4Glcβ1 ) from a parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. 11) In our previous paper, 12) we reported the total synthesis of two glycosphingolipids, GlcNAcβ1 3Manβ1 4Glcβ1 Cer and GalNAcβ 1 4GlcNAcβ1 3Manβ1 4Glcβ1 Cer.…”

“…Based on this information we synthesized non-reducing end fragments of novel carbohydrate structures A-E from A. suum previously reported by Geyer and colleagues, 17) i.e. biotin-tagged oligosaccharides (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) (Figs. 1, 2).…”