Sulfite Reductase Defines a Newly Discovered Bottleneck for Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction and Is Essential for Growth and Development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Khan, Muhammad Shuaib; Haas, Florian H.; Samami, Arman Allboje; Gholami, Amin Moghaddas; Bauer, Andrea S.; Fellenberg, Kurt; Reichelt, Michael; Hänsch, Robert; Mendel, Ralf R.; Meyer, Andreas; Wirtz, Markus; Hell, Rüdiger

doi:10.1105/tpc.110.074088

Cited by 163 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…S7 and S8). The insufficient accumulation of reduced sulfur products in SIR-impaired plants seems also to result in elevated sulfate uptake by roots (Khan et al, 2010) and enhanced transportation of sulfate in stems (Fig. 3B).…”

Section: Sulfite Homeostasis In Sir-impaired Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5; Supplemental Fig. S8; Khan et al, 2010;Yarmolinsky et al, 2013). However, due to the peroxisomal localization of SO, the chloroplast is especially prone to sulfite under conditions where SiR is disabled and APR activity continues.…”

Section: Sir Activity and Sulfite Homeostasis Impacts On Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can expect that damage to the chloroplast in SIR Ri plants would be associated with a disturbance in sulfur metabolism that occurred in SiR-impaired plants (Khan et al, 2010;Yarmolinsky et al, 2013). To address this question, we measured major sulfur metabolites in SIR Ri and wild-type tomato plants.…”

Section: The Impact Of Sir Impairment On Sulfur Metabolism In Tomato mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although SiR exhibits a semiconstitutive pattern of expression (Khan et al, 2010), this enzyme was induced by short-term sulfite application (Brychkova et al, 2007; Yarmolinsky et al, 2013) as well as long-term SO 2 fumigation . By employing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis SiR mutants overexpressing or impaired in SiR activity, it was recently demonstrated that SiR not only functions as a component of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway but also plays a role in protecting plants against sulfite toxicity (Yarmolinsky et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was recently revealed that SiR plays a more important role in the regulation of sulfate assimilation than previously supposed. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with lowered SiR activity exhibited dramatically reduced biomass production as well as marked disturbances in plant metabolism, indicating that SiR is essential for plant growth and plays a flux-controlling role in the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway (Khan et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

et al. 2014

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Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-59-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.

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Section: Sulfite Homeostasis In Sir-impaired Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sir Activity and Sulfite Homeostasis Impacts On Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Impact Of Sir Impairment On Sulfur Metabolism In Tomato mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

et al. 2014

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Metabolism and autophagy in plants—a perfect match

et al. 2022

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Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular transport mechanism that delivers intracellular macromolecules, proteins, and even organelles to a lytic organelle (vacuole in yeast and plants/lysosome in animals) for degradation and nutrient recycling. The process is mediated by highly conserved autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. In plants, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis under favorable conditions, guaranteeing normal plant growth and fitness. Severe stress such as nutrient starvation and plant senescence further induce it, thus ensuring plant survival under unfavorable conditions by providing nutrients through the removal of damaged or aged proteins, or organelles. In this article, we examine the interplay between metabolism and autophagy, focusing on the different aspects of this reciprocal relationship. We show that autophagy has a strong influence on a range of metabolic processes, whereas at the same time, even single metabolites can activate autophagy. We highlight the involvement of ATG genes in metabolism, examine the role of the macronutrients carbon and nitrogen, and various micronutrients, and take a closer look at how the interaction between autophagy and metabolism impacts on plant phenotypes and yield.

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Molecular Regulation of Storage Root Formation and Development in Sweet Potato

Ravi¹,

Chakrabarti²,

Makeshkumar³

et al. 2014

Horticultural Reviews: Volume 42

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Storage root formation and development in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam. Convolvulaceae] is a complex process characterized by the cessation of root elongation, genesis of vascular cambium, anomalous and interstitial cambia, and increase in radial growth by increased cell proliferation and expansion concomitant with the massive deposition of starch and storage proteins that eventually result in storage root enlargement. Phytohormones play a crucial role in the formation of storage roots. Three class I knotted-like homeobox (KNOX1) genes-SRF1, SRF5, and SRF6-modulate carbohydrate metabolism and cell division. The genes Ibkn1 and Ibkn2 activate cytokinin biosynthesis. Transcription factors derived from MADS box genes IbMADS1, IbMADS3, IbMADS4, and IbAGL17 induce signal transduction pathway leading to storage root formation and development. The occurrence of SRD1 transcripts mainly in the actively dividing cells, including the vascular and cambium cells, and the increase in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and three auxin-inducible AUX/IAA gene transcripts concomitantly with SRD1 transcripts suggest the involvement of SRD1 during the early stage of storage root development. Along with IbMADS1 induction, two storage root marker genes, which encode a major storage protein sporamin and IbAGPase that encodes AGPase for ADP-glucose production in starch biosynthesis, are up-regulated during the early period of storage root development. A class III HD-Zip protein 8 regulating the development of cambia and secondary vascular tissues, a short-root protein that is a key regulator in root 157 radial patterning, meristem maintenance, and asymmetric cell division, the expansin gene IbEXP1 encoding a cell wall loosening protein, genes encoding cyclin A-and cyclin D-like proteins, and five cyclin-dependent kinases are upregulated during storage root formation. Genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, starch synthase, and phosphoglucomutase are up-regulated, whereas genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase are down-regulated during storage root development. The endogenous sucrose levels influence the expression of two AGPase isoforms: ibAGP1 and ibAGP2. The expression of cell wall-bound (extracellular/apoplast) acid invertase activity gene (cwINV) predominates during early period, whereas the expression of cytosolic activity of sucrose synthase gene (SuSy) predominates during later period of storage root enlargement. The competition between lignification and formation of anomalous cambia and the associated starchaccumulating cells determine storage root development. Genes encoding enzymes such as coumaroyl-CoA synthase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase during storage root formation reduce lignification in tissue sections of storage roots.

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Sulfite Reductase Defines a Newly Discovered Bottleneck for Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction and Is Essential for Growth and Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 163 publications

References 79 publications

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

Metabolism and autophagy in plants—a perfect match

Molecular Regulation of Storage Root Formation and Development in Sweet Potato

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