Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes with sulfonated graphene oxide fillers for direct methanol fuel cells

Jiang, Zhongqing; Zhao, Xinsheng; Manthiram, Arumugam

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.129

Cited by 191 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This class of polymers still suffers from a major problem, which is the high permeability of methanol between the anode and cathode causes the fuel cells to have low efficiency. Addition of GO nanoparticles is found to provide a solution for this system as well, as the GO improves and changes the permeability of methanol (Yuan et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2013;Chien et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of graphene oxide on mechanical, morphological, barrier, and electrical properties of polymer membranes

Ammar

Al-Enizi

Al-Maadeed

et al. 2016

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

114

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This paper expresses a short review of research on the effects of graphene oxide (GO) as a nanocomposite element on polymer morphology and resulting property modifications including mechanical, barrier, and electrical conductivity. The effects on mechanical enhancement related to stress measurements in particular are a focus of this review. To first order, varying levels of aggregation of GO in different polymer matrices as a result of their weak inter-particle attractive interactions mainly affect the nanocomposite mechanical properties. The near surface dispersion of GO in polymer/GO nanocomposites can be investigated by studying the surface morphology of these nanocomposites using scanning probe microscopy such as atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the bulk, GO dispersion can be studied by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXD) by analyzing the diffraction peaks corresponding to the undispersed GO fraction in the polymer matrix. In terms of an application, we review how the hydrophilicity of graphene oxide and its hydrogen bonding potential can enhance water flux of these nanocomposite materials in membrane applications. Likewise, the electrical conductivity of polymer films and bulk polymers can be advantageously enhanced via the percolative dispersion of GO nanoparticles, but this typically requires some additional chemical treatment of the GO nanoparticles to transform it to reduced GO. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of graphene oxide on mechanical, morphological, barrier, and electrical properties of polymer membranes

Ammar

Al-Enizi

Al-Maadeed

et al. 2016

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

114

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“…The capability of SGO to be inorganic filler was recognized due to the presence of sulfonic acid group (SO 3 H -) on graphene oxide sheets which can contribute in good hydrogen bonding formation with other polymers. The formation of strong hydrogen bonding between SGO and Sodium Alginate polymer matrix can decreased the hydrophilicity and water uptake capacity due to the 'blocking effect' function of SGO [9]. Based on our research, there is no bio-composite Sodium Alginate/sulfonated-GO has been produced yet for DMFC application.…”

Section: Shaari and Kamarudin: Characterization Studies Of Sodium Alginmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Other than that, the spectrum of SA at 1414 cm -1 was also somewhat shifted to the 1410 cm -1 wavelength. This spectrum shifting occurred regarding to the existence of hydrogen bonding formation attributed to the interaction of hydroxyl groups in Alginate and polar groups in Sulfonated-GO [9]. This interaction is important factor for increase the mechanical stability of Sodium Alginate which can form and interactive 'blocking effect' especially for water solubility reduction.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The hydrogen bonding existed between sulfonated-GO filler and sodium alginate polymer has strengthened the interfacial adhesion of the membrane composite thus reduce the water uptake capacity. The stronger interfacial adhesion, the lesser the gap size between filler and polymer which the gap is the space for water molecules pass through the membrane [9]. …”

Section: Performance Test (Water Uptake)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization Studies of Sodium Alginate/Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Shaari

Kamarudin²

2017

MJAS

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This work used blending and casting method to synthesis sodium alginate/sulfonated-GO (SA/SGO) polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The composition of sulfonated-GO in the membrane is varied from 0 wt% to 1 wt%. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. The water uptake capacity of the membrane as observed was reduced with addition of sulfonated-GO as filler in the membrane. Thus, the proposed membrane has good potential to be an alternative membrane in DMFC application.Keywords: fuel cell, graphene oxide, alginate, direct methanol fuel cell Abstrak Kerja ini menggunakan kaedah pemutus dan pengadunan untuk sintesis polimer membran elektrolit sodium alginat/ sulfonat-GO (SA/SGO) untuk aplikasi sel bahan api metanol langsung (DMFC). Komposisi sulfonat-GO dalam membran diubah daripada 0% berat kepada 1% berat. Kumpulan berfungsi dalam membran telah disahkan oleh analisis Infra merah transformasi Fourier. Kapasiti pengambilan air oleh membran seperti yang diperhatikan telah berkurangan dengan penambahan sulfonat-GO sebagai pengisi dalam membran. Oleh itu, membran yang dicadangkan mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk menjadi membran alternatif dalam aplikasi DMFC.Kata kunci: sel bahan api, grafin oksida, alginat, sel bahan api metanol langsung IntroductionThe advantages of DMFC as green technology exclusively in portable application tools such as laptop, camera and etc., has been attracted many researchers to explore their enhancement. With very less pollutant emission at the end process, low temperature works condition, compact design, and high power density is the enforcement of their commercialization today [1]. However, there are several things that hindered this commercialization process. The DMFC issues is relate to the low power density, sluggish in kinetic reaction of methanol oxidation, methanol crossover phenomena that leads to the mixed potential and fuel wasting in cathode side and also the very expensive of Nafion membrane that was used as main polymer electrolyte membrane in almost Fuel Cell types systems including DMFC [2].

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“…Remarkable performances have been obtained with sPEEK [395], sulfinated PEEK [391], main-chain type sPEEK (MC-sPEEK) [392], and sPEEK composites with PPy [395] and PVDF [380] at moderate and room temperature, respectively. A acid-base blend membrane consisting of acidic sulfophenylated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPh-PEEK) and basic polysulfone tethered with 5-aminobenzotriazole (PSfBT) recently prepared by Manthiram and coworkers [396] shows an excellent performance (176 mW.cm À2 ) in DMFC at 80 C. Recently, this group has prepared composites of sPEEK with sulfonated organosilane graphene oxide (SSiGO) [389], and with amphoteric copolymers containing sulfonic acid and basic 1-aza-18-crown groups (ACrown) [398]. Both composites exhibit very good performance and the highest relative maximum power density as compared to Nafion.…”

Section: Poly(arylene Ether) Based Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Corti

2013

Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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This chapter is devoted to summarize and discuss the main properties of ionomeric membranes used in direct alcohol PEM fuel cells. Although Nafion is the proton exchange membrane commonly used in methanol and other direct alcohol fuel cells, other proton and alkaline membranes are being investigated in order to improve the efficiency of DAFC. The goals in the development of this critical component of DAFC are: low cost, long durability, low alcohol permeability and high electrical conductivity. The last two properties can be combined in a single parameter, the membrane selectivity that accounts for the ratio between the proton and alcohol transport through the membrane. This parameter can be compared to that measured for Nafion to define a relative selectivity, which is a primary parameter to evaluate the potentiality of a ionomer material to be used in alcohol feed fuel cells.The vast catalogue of polymeric materials reviewed here included Nafion composite with inorganic and organic fillers, and non-fluorinated proton conducting membranes such as sulfonated polyimides, poly(arylene ether)s, polysulfones, poly (vinyl alcohol), polystyrenes, and acid-doped polybenzimidazoles. Anionexchange membranes are also discussed because of the facile electro-oxidation of alcohols in alkaline media and because of the minimization of alcohol crossover in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.The performance of different types of membranes in direct alcohol fuel cells, mainly methanol, are summarized and discussed in order to identify the most promissory ones. The lack of correlation between the relative selectivity and fuel cell performance of the membranes indicates that the architecture of the three

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Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes with sulfonated graphene oxide fillers for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 191 publications

References 44 publications

Influence of graphene oxide on mechanical, morphological, barrier, and electrical properties of polymer membranes

Influence of graphene oxide on mechanical, morphological, barrier, and electrical properties of polymer membranes

Characterization Studies of Sodium Alginate/Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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