Sulfonated polystyrene and its characterization as a material of electrolyte polymer

Ngadiwiyana, Ngadiwiyana; Ismiyarto, Ismiyarto; Gunawan, Gunawan; Purbowatiningrum, RS; Prasetya, Nor Basid Adiwibawa; Kusworo, T. D.; Susanto, Heru

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/012133

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…All the capsule samples were floated onto 100 mL distilled water for 20 min at 37 ± 0:5°C. The samples were dried in an oven at 50°C for 3 hours and then weighed to determine the degree of swelling using equation (1), as follows [17,18]:…”

Section: Degree Of Swelling Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Disintegration, and Dissolution Analyses of Carrageenan-Based Hard-Shell Capsules Cross-Linked with Maltodextrin as a Potential Alternative Drug Delivery System

Fauzi

Pudjiastuti

Hendradi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Hard-shell capsules commonly consist of gelatin which is not a universal material considering it is extracted from animal parts. Moreover, the mad cow disease triggered the scrutinization of the use of gelatin in pharmaceutical products. Hence, an alternative to conventional hard-shell capsules is needed. Carrageenan- (CRG-) based hard-shell capsules were successfully prepared by cross-linking CRG with maltodextrin (MD) and plasticizing with sorbitol (SOR). These CRG-MD/SOR hard-shell capsules were produced as an alternative to conventional hard-shell capsules in the oral drug delivery system (DDS). The physical properties of CRG-MD/SOR capsules were characterized using the degree of swelling, FTIR, and SEM analyses. The disintegration and dissolution profile release of paracetamol from CRG-MD/SOR hard-shell capsules was performed in an aqueous medium with three different pH levels. The degree of swelling of CRG-MD/SOR was 529.23±128.10%. The main peaks in the FTIR spectrum of CRG-MD/SOR were at 1248, 930, 847, and 805 cm−1 for ester sulfate groups, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, galactose-4-sulfate, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose-2-sulfate, respectively. The SEM analysis exhibited minuscule pores on the surface of CRG and CRG-MD/SOR at 5000 times of magnification. The CRG-MD/SOR capsules required 18.47±0.11 min on average to disintegrate. The CRG-MD/SOR dissolution was better in a weakly acidic medium (pH 4.5) than in a strongly acidic (pH 1.2) and neutral (pH 6.8) media. Based on the aforementioned results, CRG-MD/SOR capsules are the potential candidate to replace conventional hard-shell capsules.

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Section: Degree Of Swelling Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Disintegration, and Dissolution Analyses of Carrageenan-Based Hard-Shell Capsules Cross-Linked with Maltodextrin as a Potential Alternative Drug Delivery System

Fauzi

Pudjiastuti

Hendradi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…The solubility of SPS [30] is achieved by the displacement of sodium ions by addition of hard water to Ca and Mg from separation from sulfonated group, which forms a softened sodium ion [31]. Using the dilution formula, the acid was prepared by the sum of acid used to deduce the volume get a solution ready [32].…”

Section: Materials Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Electrochemical Study of Effect of Soluble Sulfonated Polystyrene on Mild Steel Interface in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Dwivedi

Bharti

Shukla

2022

Gazi University Journal of Science

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“…In SD analysis, a capsule is soaked in 100 mL of the medium at 37 °C ± 0.5 °C. The samples’ weights were measured during the hydrolysis process in which the chemical bonding between particles of the samples is degraded, and then the particles are surrounded by the solvent particles [ 13 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. On the other hand, dissolution is a process in which the solute disperses in a solvent at the molecular level.…”

Section: Hard Capsules: Preparation and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Properties and Potential of Carrageenan-Based Hard Capsules for Replacing Gelatine: A Review

et al. 2021

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Intense efforts to develop alternative materials for gelatine as a drug-delivery system are progressing at a high rate. Some of the materials developed are hard capsules made from alginate, carrageenan, hypromellose and cellulose. However, there are still some disadvantages that must be minimised or eliminated for future use in drug-delivery systems. This review attempts to review the preparation and potential of seaweed-based, specifically carrageenan, hard capsules, summarise their properties and highlight their potential as an optional main component of hard capsules in a drug-delivery system. The characterisation methods reviewed were dimensional analysis, water and ash content, microbial activity, viscosity analysis, mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, swelling degree analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The release kinetics of the capsule is highlighted as well. This review is expected to provide insights for new researchers developing innovative products from carrageenan-based hard capsules, which will support the development goals of the industry.

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Sulfonated polystyrene and its characterization as a material of electrolyte polymer

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Characterization, Disintegration, and Dissolution Analyses of Carrageenan-Based Hard-Shell Capsules Cross-Linked with Maltodextrin as a Potential Alternative Drug Delivery System

Characterization, Disintegration, and Dissolution Analyses of Carrageenan-Based Hard-Shell Capsules Cross-Linked with Maltodextrin as a Potential Alternative Drug Delivery System

Chemical and Electrochemical Study of Effect of Soluble Sulfonated Polystyrene on Mild Steel Interface in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Preparation, Properties and Potential of Carrageenan-Based Hard Capsules for Replacing Gelatine: A Review

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