Sulfotransferases

The potential disruption of estrogen and androgen homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation by metabolites of common airborne polychlorinated biphenyls

“…Mammalian cytosolic sulfotransferases are key enzymes that are important in detoxifying and deactivating xenobiotics such as drugs and environmental toxicants, and endogenous molecules such as neurotransmitters, catecholamines, fatty acids, bile acids, and steroid hormones [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. They are expressed in many tissues, and their activities often mediate intracellular levels of endogenous and exogenous molecules.…”

“…They are expressed in many tissues, and their activities often mediate intracellular levels of endogenous and exogenous molecules. This is often important to ensure that these substances are excreted from the body but may also lead to bioactivation [80,81]. SULTs are usually dimeric and, thus, have two active sites for 3'- Sulfotransferases belong to a superfamily that consists of 13 human SULT genes that are divided into 4 families: SULT1, SULT2, SULT4, and SULT6 [75,78,79,85,86].…”

“…A main function of cytosolic sulfotransferases is to catalyze the sulfation of xenobiotics and endogenous molecules leading to their inactivation [79,80,[92][93][94]. This is accomplished by the transfer of a sulfuryl moiety from PAPS to a substrate, often resulting in its deactivation [60,78,80,95]. In many cases, this will cause the product of the reaction become less lipophilic and easier to excrete via the ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes [96,97].…”

“…Upon sulfation of DHEA, DHEA sulfate is produced, which is the most abundant circulating steroid hormone in humans. Recent literature has shown SULT2A1 to be inhibited by micromolar concentrations of OH-PCBs [61,80,129,132].…”