Sulfur and nitrogen evolution in the Argonne coals. Experiment and modeling

Bassilakis, R.; Zhao, Yuemin; Solomon, P.R.; Serio, Michael A.

doi:10.1021/ef00042a004

Cited by 160 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…Higher heating rates appear to increase the HCN/NH 3 ratio for both coal and biomass fuels [195][196][197]. However, the main product of most biomass thermal decomposition experiments under high heating rates is NH 3 , since biomass fuels contain significant amounts of quaternary and amine functionalities favoring NH 3 formation [160].…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is clear evidence that the discrepancies observed by various investigators are due to experimental conditions. An illustration of the experimental conditions on contradicting release of HCN and NH 3 is presented by Bassilakis et al [196]. A series of US coals pyrolyzed in TGA (slow heating rate) showed NH 3 as the major nitrogen compound in the volatile, while the same coals pyrolyzed in an entrained flow reactor (fast heating rate) showed mainly HCN as the main N compound and displayed a negligible amount of NH 3 .…”

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior In Co-conversion Of Coal Blended Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior During Biomass Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Nitrogen Behavior In Co-conversion Of Coal Blended Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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“…The resolution of the overlapping curves by parallel DAEM reactions and the finding of a good fit were achieved by a trial-and-error parametersearch in several studies. 24,25,28,33 Burnham et al reported a versatile computer software in 1987 that was capable for the determination of the unknown model parameters by nonlinear regression. 34 The same software was also able to determine discrete, empirical distribution functions for the activation energy during the evaluation of non-isothermal experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric Study of Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics. A Distributed Activation Energy Model with Prediction Tests

et al. 2010

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ABSTRACT. The pyrolysis of four biomasses (corn stalk, rice husk, sorghum straw and wheat straw) was studied at different temperature -time functions in inert gas flow by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Linear and stepwise heating programs were employed. A distributed activation energy model (DAEM) with three pools of reactant (three pseudocomponents) was used due to the complexity of the biomass samples of agricultural origin. Compensation effects were observed between the kinetic parameters similarly to the works of other investigators. The compensation effects result in ambiguous parameter values hence they were eliminated by decreasing the number of the unknown parameters. For this purpose part of the kinetic parameters was assumed to be the same for the four biomasses. This approach also helps to express the similarities of the samples in the model. The sixteen experiments were evaluated simultaneously by the method of least squares to obtain dependable kinetic parameters. 2The resulting models described well the experimental data and were suitable for predicting experiments at higher heating rates. The checks on the prediction capabilities were considered to be an essential part of the model verification.

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“…The resolution of the overlapping curves by parallel DAEM reactions and the finding of a good fit were achieved by a trial-and-error parameter-search in several works [8,9,3,10]. Burnham et al reported a versatile, high-performance computer software in 1987 that was capable for the determination of the unknown model parameters by nonlinear regression [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco pyrolysis. Kinetic evaluation of thermogravimetric–mass spectrometric experiments

Várhegyi

Czégény

Jakab

et al. 2009

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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The thermal decomposition of two tobacco blends was studied by thermogravimetry -mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) at slow heating programs under well defined conditions. The kinetic evaluation was based on a distributed activation energy model (DAEM) which is a suitable tool for complex materials of plant origin. Linear and non-linear (stepwise) heating programs were employed to obtain information for reliable kinetic modeling. Series of experiments were evaluated simultaneously by the method of least squares. Efforts were made to identify and describe kinetically the similarities between two, highly different tobacco samples as well as between the various mass spectrometric intensity curves.This was achieved by evaluating large series of experimental results and assuming several kinetic parameters to be common for both samples and/or a group of mass spectrometric intensities. (4) and (5)) cnormed,j cj coefficients normalized so that their sum equals to one (see Eq. (8)) E0,j mean activation energy in a distributed activation energy model (kJ mol -1 )FWHM full width at half maximum (°C) fitN a measure of the fit quality that expresses the difference between a group of N experimental curves and their simulated counterparts (%) (See Eqs. (5) and (6)

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Sulfur and nitrogen evolution in the Argonne coals. Experiment and modeling

Cited by 160 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

Thermogravimetric Study of Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics. A Distributed Activation Energy Model with Prediction Tests

Tobacco pyrolysis. Kinetic evaluation of thermogravimetric–mass spectrometric experiments

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