Summary of Current Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening and Management of Abnormal Test Results: 2016–2020

Perkins, Rebecca B.; Guido, Richard; Saraiya, Mona; Sawaya, George F.; Wentzensen, Nicolas; Schiffman, Mark; Feldman, Sarah

doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8918

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For those aged 30–65 years, cytology alone or primary HPV testing is preferred by USPSTF; however, cotesting can be used as an alternative approach. ACOG ( 1240 ), ACS ( 177 ), and USPSTF ( 174 ) each have screening recommendations ( 1241 ) ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Human Papillomavirus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Workowski¹,

Bachmann²,

Chan³

et al. 2021

MMWR Recomm. Rep.

1,726

2,621

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These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta, Georgia, June 11-14, 2019. The information in this report updates the 2015 guidelines. These guidelines discuss 1) updated recommendations for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis; 2) addition of metronidazole to the recommended treatment regimen for pelvic inflammatory disease; 3) alternative treatment options for bacterial vaginosis; 4) management of Mycoplasma genitalium; 5) human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) expanded risk factors for syphilis testing among pregnant women; 7) one-time testing for hepatitis C infection; 8) evaluation of men who have sex with men after sexual assault; and 9) two-step testing for serologic diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus. Physicians and other health care providers can use these guidelines to assist in prevention and treatment of STIs. BOX 1. The Five P's approach for health care providers obtaining sexual histories: partners, practices, protection from sexually transmitted infections, past history of sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy intention Additional information about external condoms is available at https://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness. Internal CondomsCondoms for internal vaginal use, also known as female condoms, are available worldwide (e.g., the FC2 Female Condom, Reddy condom, Cupid female condom, and Woman's condom) (31,32). Use of internal condoms can provide protection from acquisition and transmission of STIs, although data are limited. Internal condoms are more costly compared with external condoms; however, they offer the advantage of being controlled by the receptive partner as an STI and HIV prevention method, and the newer versions might be acceptable to all persons. Although the internal condom also has been used during receptive anal intercourse, efficacy associated with this practice remains unknown (33). Additional information about the internal condom is available at http://www.ashasexualhealth. org/pdfs/Male_and_Female_Condoms.pdf. Cervical DiaphragmsIn observational studies, diaphragm use has been demonstrated to protect against cervical gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis (34). However, a trial examining the effect of a diaphragm plus lubricant on HIV acquisition among women in Africa reported no additional protective effect when compared with the use of male condoms alone. Likewise, no difference by study arm in the rate of acquisition of chlamydia, gonorrhea, or herpes occurred (35,36). Diaphragms should not be relied on as the sole source of protection against HIV and other STIs.

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Section: Human Papillomavirus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Workowski¹,

Bachmann²,

Chan³

et al. 2021

MMWR Recomm. Rep.

1,726

2,621

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“…HPV DNA tests are more sensitive than cervical cytology, so they can be performed less frequently (every 5 years). For the standard comparison test, the sensitivity is 98.7% and the specificity is 96% [ 44 , 45 ]. The high sensitivity of HPV testing can lead to over-detection of false positives, which are results in which n HPV infection is present but will not lead to CC in the long term.…”

Section: Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Poniewierza¹,

Panek

2022

Healthcare

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Background: Each year 604,127 new cases of cervical cancer (CC) are diagnosed, and 341,831 individuals die from the disease. It is the fourth most common cancer among women and the fourth most common cause of death from female cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of CC is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and consists of several steps involving cell proliferation outside the human body’s control mechanisms. Strategies to prevent CC are based on screening and vaccination. Scope of the Review: The aim of this paper was to collect and analyze the available literature on the issue of CC prevention and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its implementation. For this purpose, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords, such as “cervical cancer”; “HPV”; “prevention”; “prophylaxis”; “vaccination”; “screening” and “COVID-19” in different variations. Only articles published since 2018 were included in the study. Conclusions: Selected European countries have different CC prevention programs funded by national budgets. This translates into observed differences in the risk of death from CC (age-standardized rate Malta = 1.1, Poland = 5.9). COVID-19 pandemic due to disruption of CC screening may exacerbate these differences in the future. To improve the situation, new screening methods, such as p16/Ki67, HPV self-testing, and the use of artificial intelligence in colposcopic assessment, should be disseminated, as well as free HPV vaccination programs implemented in all countries. The search for new solutions is not without significance and entails ultra-sensitive screening tests for risk groups (mRNA E6/E7, SOX1/SOX14), HPV vaccines with shorter dosing schedules, and new therapeutic pathways using nanotheranostics.

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“…Recomendaciones -American Cancer Society (2020) 20,21 Guía -Organización Mundial de la Salud (2021) AGC: células glandulares atípicas (por sus siglas en inglés: atypical glandular cells); ASC-H: células escamosas atípicas, no se descarta HSIL (por sus siglas en inglés: atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out HSIL); ASC-US: células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (por sus siglas en inglés: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance); HSIL: lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (por sus siglas en inglés: high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion); LSIL: lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado (por sus siglas en inglés: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion); NILM: negativo para lesión intraepitelial o malignidad (por sus siglas en inglés: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy); VIA: inspección visual con ácido acético (por sus siglas en inglés: visual inspection with acetic acid). *La colposcopia está indicada para pacientes con historia de lesiones de alto grado.…”

Section: Indicaciones Para El Tamizajeunclassified

Protocolos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones primarias de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), Colombia, 2022

Estrada¹,

Escandón-Vargas

Gaviria

et al. 2022

Infect

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Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) constituyen un problema de salud a nivel global. El Comité de ITS de la Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) desarrolló el presente documento dirigido principalmente al personal médico de diferentes niveles de atención en Colombia, con el objetivo de proveer recomendaciones claras y concretas para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos de los pacientes con ITS y sus contactos. Se diseñaron protocolos básicos de diagnóstico y tratamiento con base en la evidencia científica disponible y guías existentes elaboradas por sociedades científicas nacionales e internacionales y grupos gubernamentales. Se agruparon las ITS más comunes en las siguientes secciones: uretritis, úlcera genital, flujo vaginal de etiología infecciosa, proctitis, cervicitis, hepatitis B, y virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo. Para cada protocolo se presenta la definición, la etiología, las condiciones para la toma de la muestra, los exámenes de diagnóstico por agente etiológico y nivel de atención, y el tratamiento por agente etiológico.

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Summary of Current Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening and Management of Abnormal Test Results: 2016–2020

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021

Cervical Cancer Prophylaxis—State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Protocolos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones primarias de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), Colombia, 2022

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