Sun, sea and sex: a review of the sex tourism literature

Lu, Timothy Siliang; Holmes, Andrea E.; Noone, Chris; Flaherty, Gerard

doi:10.1186/s40794-020-00124-0

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…One of the explanations that we propose is the increased sex tourism ratio, which may intensify in this period due to the holiday and winter break, when more people decide to travel than normally. A recent article seems to support this thesis, as a longer duration of travel, travelling with friends and being younger have been found to be some of the factors associated with higher levels of casual sex [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonal Patterns and Trends in Dermatoses in Poland

Klimiuk

Krefta

Kołkowski

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: The amount of data available online is constantly increasing, including search behavior and tracking trends in domains such as Google. Analyzing the data helps to predict patient needs and epidemiological events more accurately. Our study aimed to identify dermatology-related terms that occur seasonally and any search anomalies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: The data were gathered using Google Trends, with 69 entries between January-2010 and December-2020 analyzed. We conducted the Seasonal Mann–Kendal Test to determine the strength of trends. The month with the highest seasonal component (RSV) and the lowest seasonal component (RSV) was indicated for every keyword. Groups of keywords occurring together regularly at specific periods of the year were shown. Results: We found that some topics were seasonally searched in winter (e.g., herpes, scabies, candida) and others in summer (e.g., erythema, warts, urticaria). Conclusions: Interestingly, downward trends in searches on sexually transmitted diseases in comparison with increased infection rates reported officially show a strong need for improved sexual education in Poland. There were no significant differences in trends for coronavirus-related cutaneous symptoms during 2020. We have shown that the seasonality of dermatologically related terms searched in Poland via Google did not differ significantly during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonal Patterns and Trends in Dermatoses in Poland

Klimiuk

Krefta

Kołkowski

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…For example, in East Asia domestic travellers outnumber foreign tourists, and business travel is associated with men engaging in after-hours 'meetings', while in Latin America many households have come to depend on tourism, making the reporting of sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism and enforcement of relevant law more challenging (ECPAT, 2016). The harms of sex abuse following tourism are many, including effects on mental (ECPAT, 2016) and physical health, for example increased exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Lu et al, 2020;McClure et al, 2015).…”

Section: Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do Climate Change and Environmental Degradation contribute to Violence against Children?

Datzberger¹,

Howard-Merrill²,

Iorfa³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This scoping review of the literature explores the interlinkages between two pressing crises: violence against children (VAC) and climate change (CC) together with environmental degradation (ED). Only recently have research and policy begun to shine a light on the magnifying effect of CC on children’s exposure to violence, exploitation, and abuse, with the role of ED remaining under-explored. To spur academic and political movement in this area, our research aims to help establish the magnitude, direction, and pathways of the relationship between CC, ED, and VAC. We showcase the complexity of that relationship and illustrate, in the form of case studies, why context-specific approaches and more research are needed. Doing so, we cover five thematic areas: 1) Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction, 2) Gender, 3) Im/mobility, 4) Child Labour and 5) Health. Taking all five thematic areas together, structural violence against children emerged as a cross-cutting theme, creating and reinforcing the conditions for multiple forms of VAC in the context of CC and ED.

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“… 34 , 35 The rising incidence of STIs and BBVs among international travellers has been noted in some countries making this a priority area for investigation. 36 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers

Shiferaw,

Martin,

Dean

et al. 2024

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) impose a global health and economic burden. International travellers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, including STIs. Hence, this review assessed the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs, and factors associated with the infection in this population. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception of the databases until November 2022. Published analytical observational studies reporting the prevalence/proportionate morbidity of travellers with STIs and factors associated with STIs by type of traveller (i.e. tourists, business travellers, students, visiting friends or relatives [VFRs], international truck drivers, backpackers, expatriates, and men who have sex with men [MSM]) were included. The selection of articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted for each STI by clinical presentation and type of traveller. Results Thirty-two studies (n = 387 731 travellers) were included, 19 evaluated the proportionate morbidity of STIs among symptomatic travellers, while 13 examined the prevalence of STIs in asymptomatic travellers. The highest proportionate morbidity was found among VFRs (syphilis, 1.67%; 95%CI:1.03–2.81%), backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 6.58%; 95%CI: 5.96–7.25%), and MSM (HIV [2.50%;95%CI:0.44–12.88%], gonorrhoea [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5–13.98%], lymphogranuloma venereum [4.17%;95%CI:1.1.5–13.98%], and HAV [20.0%; 95% CI: 14.99–26.17%]). The highest prevalence of STIs among asymptomatic were found in MSM (HIV [25.94%;95%CI:22.21–30.05%] and HBV [24.90%; 95%CI:21.23–28.96%]) and backpackers (chlamydia trachomatis, 3.92%;95% CI:2.72–5.32%). Short duration of the trip (<1 month), not having pre-travel consultation, travelling to Southeast Asia, and being unvaccinated for HBV were identified as risk factors for STIs. Conclusion Strategies to prevent STIs and sexually transmitted BBVs should be discussed at pretravel consultations and recommendations should be prioritized in high-risk groups of travellers, such as backpackers, VFRs, and MSMs. Additionally, healthcare providers should tailor recommendations for safe sex practices to individual travellers’ unique needs.

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Sun, sea and sex: a review of the sex tourism literature

Cited by 18 publications

References 68 publications

Seasonal Patterns and Trends in Dermatoses in Poland

Seasonal Patterns and Trends in Dermatoses in Poland

How do Climate Change and Environmental Degradation contribute to Violence against Children?

A systematic review and meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and blood-borne viruses in travellers

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