Sunlight Energy Conversion Via Organics

Sun, Sam-Shajing; O’Neill, Hugh

doi:10.1002/9780470974704.ch16

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“… 1 − 3 Among the renewable energy sources, sunlight is regarded as an inexhaustible source for sustainable use. 4 Through photocatalytic reactions, light can be used to convert chemical feedstocks and water into fuels such as H 2 , CH 4 , and alcohols. 5 Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable carbon sources in nature 6 and is regarded as an energy source with the potential to contribute to sustainable future energy demands, providing it can be converted efficiently to fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce the dependence of the energy supply on fossil fuels, which are unsustainable and associated with greenhouse gas emissions, a transition to renewable energies, such as solar energy, biomass, and hydrogen (H 2 ), is necessary. − Among the renewable energy sources, sunlight is regarded as an inexhaustible source for sustainable use . Through photocatalytic reactions, light can be used to convert chemical feedstocks and water into fuels such as H 2 , CH 4 , and alcohols .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H₂ Production

Lan

Chen

Lee

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Photoreforming of cellulose is a promising route for sustainable H 2 production. Herein, ball-milling (BM, with varied treatment times of 0.5–24 h) was employed to pretreat microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to improve its activity in photoreforming over a Pt/TiO 2 catalyst. It was found that BM treatment reduced the particle size, crystallinity index ( CrI ), and degree of polymerization ( DP ) of MCC significantly, as well as produced amorphous celluloses (with >2 h treatment time). Amorphous cellulose water-induced recrystallization to cellulose II (as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state NMR analysis) was observed in aqueous media. Findings of the work showed that the BM treatment was a simple and effective pretreatment strategy to improve photoreforming of MCC for H 2 production, mainly due to the decreased particle size and, specifically in aqueous media, the formation of the cellulose II phase from the recrystallization of amorphous cellulose, the extent of which correlates well with the activity in photoreforming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H₂ Production

Lan

Chen

Lee

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Some studies revealed that the charge mobility and separation depend on the bulky structure of the polymer. Absorption of photon results in an electron from molecule being excited to a higher energy state and loses electron to the adjacent molecule [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The efficiency of organic polymeric material for conversion of energy depends on some important factors [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Absorption of photon results in an electron from molecule being excited to a higher energy state and loses electron to the adjacent molecule [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The efficiency of organic polymeric material for conversion of energy depends on some important factors [ 28 , 29 ]. These include the improvement of electron capturing ability, generation of charge, diffusion and collection of electrodes and charge transport between donor and acceptor electron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison with organic polymeric R2R PV solar cell is efficient to change materials in the morphology. It has the highest energy occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO, electron donor), lowest energy occupied molecular orbitals (LUMO, electron acceptor) and energy difference of valence band with conduction band (energy gap) with low cost method [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] gave opportunity to apply the method for the future. In addition, the semiconductors made up from organic polymeric material present larger optical absorption coefficient than the inorganic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power

et al. 2018

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Solar photoelectric energy converted into electricity requires large surface areas with incident light and flexible materials to capture these light emissions. Currently, sunlight rays are converted to electrical energy using silicon polymeric material with efficiency up to 22%. The majority of the energy is lost during conversion due to an energy gap between sunlight photons and polymer energy transformation. This energy conversion also depends on the morphology of present polymeric materials. Therefore, it is very important to construct mechanisms of highest energy occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)s and the lowest energy unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO)s to increase the efficiency of conversion. The organic and inorganic solar cells used as dyes can absorb more photons from sunlight and the energy gap will be less for better conversion of energy to electricity than the conventional solar cells. This paper provides an up-to-date review on the performance, characterization, and reliability of different composite polymeric materials for energy conversion. Specific attention has been given to organic solar cells because of their several advantages over others, such as their low-energy payback time, conversion efficiency and greenhouse emissions. Finally, this paper provides the recent progress on the application of both organic and inorganic solar cells for electric power generations together with several challenges that are currently faced.

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Design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel c‐donor‐nc‐bridge‐c‐acceptor type block copolymer for optoelectronic applications

Sun

Nguyen

Zhang

2014

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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A novel conjugated block copolymer system containing a donor‐type conjugated block (c‐D) covalently connected to an acceptor type conjugated block (c‐A) via a nonconjugated and flexible bridge chain (nc‐B), also called a DBA type block copolymer, has been designed, synthesized, and characterized for potential cost‐effective and high‐efficiency optoelectronic applications such as solar cells. Specifically, D is a regio‐regular para‐2‐ethylhexyloxy‐substituted polyphenylenevinylene (or EH‐RO‐PPV), A is a regio‐regular polyphenylenevinylene with sulfone (SO2) acceptor moiety and a linear oxydecane (‐OC10H21) group substituted on every phenylene unit, and B contains an aliphatic chain with two or four methylene units. The size of each block can be controlled via synthetic feed ratio of the monomer and the terminator. The measured average molecular weights of D, A, and DBA based on gel permission chromatography are in good agreements with the molecular weights calculated using the monomer:terminator synthetic feed ratios. Preliminary optoelectronic device studies revealed an order of magnitude better improvement in photoelectric power conversion efficiency of DBA over the corresponding D/A blend under identical fabrication and testing conditions. Such improvements could be attributed to more efficient photo induced charge separation and charge transport in DBA versus in D/A blends. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1149–1160

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Sunlight Energy Conversion Via Organics

Cited by 8 publications

References 86 publications

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H₂ Production

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H₂ Production

Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power

Design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel c‐donor‐nc‐bridge‐c‐acceptor type block copolymer for optoelectronic applications

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Sunlight Energy Conversion Via Organics

Cited by 8 publications

References 86 publications

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H2 Production

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H2 Production

Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power

Design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel c‐donor‐nc‐bridge‐c‐acceptor type block copolymer for optoelectronic applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H₂ Production

Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H₂ Production