<sup>13</sup>C NMR Study PP/ROSIN Blends

Tavares, Maria Inês B.; Mendes, Luís Claudio; Cardoso, R. S.; Sanches, N. B.; Chagas, Beatriz S.

doi:10.1080/00914030008033914

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The 13 C-NMR spectra (data not shown) of all PEG-rosin derivatives showed the chemical shift around 180 ppm, supporting the existence of the ester bond (C = O). These findings were also consistent with those previously reported (Tavares et al , 2000; Hess et al , 2000; Smith, 1978).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Preparation of PEG-rosin derivative for water soluble rosin flux

Phaphon

Wacharasindhu

Petsom

2016

SSMT

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Purpose This study aims to synthesize polyethylene glycol (PEG)-rosin derivatives from rosin and PEG for the production of solid soldering fluxes. The PEG-rosin derivatives would be water soluble, and the resulting solid soldering fluxes would have reasonable wetting ability when combined with a low-halide-content activator. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a synthetic process for PEG-rosin derivatives. The reaction conditions (including catalyst type, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and PEG type) were optimized for the synthesis of PEG-rosin derivatives. The chemical and physical properties of PEG-rosin derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and gel permeation chromatography. The production and characteristics of water-soluble rosin fluxes (WSRFs) were studied according to the standards of the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) Committees. Findings WSRs were successfully synthesized from rosin and PEG using 2 per cent ZnO as a catalyst, with a 2:1 molar ratio of rosin:PEG at 250°C over 9 h. The resulting WSRs were completely soluble in water. As the PEG3000-rosin had the highest melting point (55.2°C), it was chosen for the preparation of the WSRFs. Activators such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, ethylamine hydrochloride and diethylamine hydrobromide were selected for use in the production of the fluxes. It was found that WSRF 09 and WSRF 04 gave the best performance with the lead-free Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy in terms of good solderability, low halide content (less than 1,500 ppm), high insulation resistance and low corrosion. These fluxes were applied to produce solder pastes with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy and they passed the performance tests as expected for solder paste. Research limitations/implications Further studies are necessary on large-scale production and to compare the performance of these fluxes to those from conventional water-soluble fluxes currently available in the market. Application of these fluxes on low-temperature solder alloys such as SnZn and SnBi (Ren et al., 2016) worth further study. Originality/value The classification of flux systems according to the JIS 3283 standard does not specify PEG-rosin derivatives in the flux; nevertheless, ranking of the flux systems based on the halide content and corrosion properties of activators would be useful information when selecting flux systems for electronics soldering in water-washable applications. The application of these fluxes in solder paste gave very promising results and is worth investigating into more detail, as well as field test.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Preparation of PEG-rosin derivative for water soluble rosin flux

Phaphon

Wacharasindhu

Petsom

2016

SSMT

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“…The 13 C NMR spectra of all rosin-PEG derivatives were presented in Fig. 8, the chemical shift around 180 ppm support that the ester bond created in all rosin-PEG derivatives and these findings are consistent with the previous study [16]- [18]. From all results, the sequence of reaction can be proposed as given in Fig.…”

Section: G Characterizations Of Rosin Derivativessupporting

confidence: 79%

Synthesis and Characterization of Water Soluble Rosin-Polyethylene Glycol 1500 Derivative

Kanlaya¹,

Sumrit²,

Amorn³

2016

IJCEA

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Abstract-This research aims to synthesize and characterize of rosin-polyethylene glycol derivatives from natural rosin and polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG1500). In this research, reaction conditions for the synthesis of rosin-PEG derivatives such as catalyst type, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and etc. were optimized. Chemical and physical properties of water soluble rosin (WSR) were characterized using FT-IR, 13 C-NMR, DSC, and GPC. It was found that water soluble rosin-PEG derivatives were successful synthesized from natural china rosin and PEG using 2% ZnO as catalyst, 2:1 molar ratio of rosin: PEG at 250 O C for 9 hours. The obtained rosin-PEG1500 derivative were completely soluble in water and rosin-PEG1500 derivative showed melting point at 40.6Index Terms-Water soluble rosin, polyethylene glycol 1500, esterification, zinc oxide.

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“…In the spectra of pure resins, the observed signals are those expected on the basis of the chemical structure. For instance, in the case of Dertoline, signals typical of an esterified rosin can be observed [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Weak signals ascribable to resin carbons are also visible in the spectra of vSBR_d and vSBR_s, but a detailed analysis is prevented by the superimposition with the much more intense SBR peaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effect of Resins of Different Origin on the Structure, Dynamics and Curing Characteristics of SBR Compounds

Pierigé,

Nardelli,

Calucci

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The replacement of synthetic and petroleum-based ingredients with greener alternatives of natural origin is an imperative issue in rubber technology for the tire industry. In this study, a glycerin-esterified maleated rosin resin, derived from natural resources, is examined as a potential tackifier in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) formulations. A comparison is made with two synthetic resins commonly used as tackifiers in tire manufacturing: a petroleum-derived aromatic resin and a phenolic resin. Specifically, this research investigates how these resins affect the structure, dynamics, and curing characteristics of SBR compounds, which are strictly related to the mechanical and technological properties of the final products. Moving die rheometer and equilibrium swelling experiments are employed to analyze vulcanization kinetics and crosslink density, which are differently influenced by the different resins. Information on the polymer–resin compatibility is gained by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamo-mechanical analysis, while solid-state NMR methods offer insights into the structure and dynamics of both cured and uncured SBR compounds at the molecular level. Overall, our analysis shows that the resin of vegetal origin has a comparable impact on the SBR compound to that observed for the synthetic resins and could be further tested for industrial applications.

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¹³C NMR Study PP/ROSIN Blends

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Preparation of PEG-rosin derivative for water soluble rosin flux

Preparation of PEG-rosin derivative for water soluble rosin flux

Synthesis and Characterization of Water Soluble Rosin-Polyethylene Glycol 1500 Derivative

Exploring the Effect of Resins of Different Origin on the Structure, Dynamics and Curing Characteristics of SBR Compounds

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13C NMR Study PP/ROSIN Blends

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Preparation of PEG-rosin derivative for water soluble rosin flux

Preparation of PEG-rosin derivative for water soluble rosin flux

Synthesis and Characterization of Water Soluble Rosin-Polyethylene Glycol 1500 Derivative

Exploring the Effect of Resins of Different Origin on the Structure, Dynamics and Curing Characteristics of SBR Compounds

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¹³C NMR Study PP/ROSIN Blends