Super Mark It! A Review of the Protein Immunomarking Technique

Hagler, James R.

doi:10.1093/aesa/say039

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Fluorescent paints [6], dyes [7,8] and dusts [9,10] in an array of colours are commonly used, in addition to methods involving the use of radio isotopes [11], trace elements [12], protein immunomarking [13] and genetic or transgenic techniques, including mutations leading to a distinguishable phenotypic difference or transfection of a symbiont such as Wolbachia [14][15][16]. Currently, there is no universal marking method applicable to all insect species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust

et al. 2020

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Background: Prior to a major release campaign of sterile insects, including the sterile insect technique, male mosquitoes must be marked and released (small scale) to determine key parameters including wild population abundance, dispersal and survival. Marking insects has been routinely carried out for over 100 years; however, there is no gold standard regarding the marking of specific disease-transmitting mosquitoes including Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The research presented offers a novel dusting technique and optimal dust colour and quantities, suitable for small-scale releases, such as mark-release-recapture studies. Methods:We sought to establish a suitable dust colour and quantity for batches of 100 male An. arabiensis, that was visible both by eye and under UV light, long-lasting and did not negatively impact longevity. A set of lower dust weights were selected to conduct longevity experiments with both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to underpin the optimal dust weight. A further study assessed the potential of marked male An. arabiensis to transfer their mark to undusted males and females. Results:The longevity of male An. arabiensis marked with various dust colours was not significantly reduced when compared to unmarked controls. Furthermore, the chosen dust quantity (5 mg) did not negatively impact longevity (P = 0.717) and provided a long-lasting mark. Dust transfer was found to occur from marked An. arabiensis males to unmarked males and females when left in close proximity. However, this was only noticeable when examining individuals under a stereomicroscope and thus deemed negligible. Overall, male Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus displayed a greater sensitivity to dusting. Only the lowest dust weight (0.5 mg) did not significantly reduce longevity (P = 0.888) in Ae. aegypti, whilst the lowest two dust weights (0.5 and 0.75 mg) had no significant impact on longevity (P = 0.951 and 0.166, respectively) in Ae. albopictus. Conclusion:We have devised a fast, inexpensive and simple marking method and provided recommended dust quantities for several major species of disease-causing mosquitoes. The novel technique provides an evenly distributed, long-lasting mark which is non-detrimental. Our results will be useful for future MRR studies, prior to a major release campaign.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust

et al. 2020

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“…Tel: +34 937507511; fax: +34 937533954; email: nuria.agusti@irta.cat tively expensive and time consuming (Akey et al, 1991). Arthropod-marking methods using vertebrate-derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) proteins have also been applied directly in the field, avoiding a previous capture and simplifying the process (Jones et al, 2006;Hagler, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a PCR‐based method to monitor arthropod dispersal in agroecosystems: Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) from banker plants to tomato crops

et al. 2019

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Development of conservation biological control programs requires the identification of sources that contribute to predator colonization of crops. Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an efficient polyphagous predator used in biological control programs in vegetable crops in Europe. We have developed a marking method based on spraying with a solution of the brine shrimp Artemia spp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae) cysts, followed by a PCR detection of Artemia DNA to monitor M. pygmaeus dispersal from banker plants to tomato crops. Experiments conducted in climatic chambers show that the topical application of this marking solution on M. pygmaeus does not significantly reduce adult longevity and that it is detected up to 6 d after the application. When this Artemia solution was applied on Calendula officinalis L. banker plants harboring M. pygmaeus and maintained outdoors, Artemia DNA was still detected on 62% of the insects after 6 d. The conducted field applications in commercial greenhouses have confirmed the usefulness of this method to monitor M. pygmaeus dispersal from banker plants to a newly planted tomato crop. This method can be used to assess arthropod movement, being an interesting molecular approach for further improving future pest management strategies.

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“…Nevertheless, a combination of several methods can improve our knowledge 165 on the movement and dispersal behaviour of the vectors of X. fastidiosa 166 (Purcell et al, 1994). Mark-release-recapture studies using multiple types of 167 markers have been used since 1920s to understand the movement of insects in 168 the field (Hagler & Jackson, 2001;Hagler, 2019). Fluorescent dusts are one of 169 the most extended markers used for mark-release-recapture tests ( hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal ability ofNeophilaenus campestris, a vector ofXylella fastidiosa, from olive groves to over-summering hosts

Lago

Morente²,

Heras‐Bravo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SUMMARYNeophilaenus campestris is one of the recently identified spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) able to transmit Xylella fastidiosa to olive trees. Considering its vector ability and the wide distribution of this species in Spain, N. campestris should be considered a serious threat to key crops that are vital for Spanish agriculture such as olive, almonds and grapevines. Migration and dispersal abilities of insect vectors have profound implications in the spread of vector-borne diseases. Thus, knowledge on the dispersal ability of N. campestris is essential to model, predict and limit the spread of the diseases caused by X. fastidiosa. A mark-release-recapture technique was developed to track between-field movements of N. campestris during its late spring migration from the ground cover grasses within olive groves to sheltered areas dominated by pine trees. An indoor assay showed that the fluorescent dust used for marking did not affect the survival nor the flying ability of N. campestris. Spittlebug adults captured in olive groves at Los Santos de la Humosa (Madrid, Spain) during late spring, 2019 were dusted with four fluorescent colours and released in four different locations. Six recapture samplings were performed 23 to 42 days after release in 12 different sites located within a maximum distance of 2.8 km from the release point. Results indicated that N. campestris was able to disperse a maximum distance of 2473 m in 35 days from the olive groves to areas dominated by pine trees. Furthermore, our flight mill studies also showed that N. campestris was able to fly long distances, reaching almost 1.4 km in an 82 minutes’ single flight.Moreover, we carried out a survey of directional movement of potential vectors of X. fastidiosa in an olive grove located in Villa del Prado (Madrid). We used yellow sticky bands, a Malaise trap and a vertical yellow sticky net to assess the directional movement from olive groves to surrounding managed and unmanaged areas. The captures obtained in the yellow sticky bands showed that spittlebugs dispersal from the olive grove to surrounding vegetation matched with the time when the ground cover dried out. The highest number of spittlebugs was captured in the border between the olive grove and a vineyard close by.Altogether, our findings suggest that eradication measures by rooting-up X. fastidiosa-infected and non-infected trees in a radius of 100 m are of limited value because vectors are able to disperse rapidly over distances much longer than expected.

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Super Mark It! A Review of the Protein Immunomarking Technique

Cited by 26 publications

References 69 publications

A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust

A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust

Development of a PCR‐based method to monitor arthropod dispersal in agroecosystems: Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) from banker plants to tomato crops

Dispersal ability ofNeophilaenus campestris, a vector ofXylella fastidiosa, from olive groves to over-summering hosts

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