Superabsorbent Polymers: From long-established, microplastics generating systems, to sustainable, biodegradable and future proof alternatives

Chen, Jingying; Wu, Jing; Raffa, Patrizio; Picchioni, Francesco; Koning, Cor E.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101475

Cited by 95 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 317 publications

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“…The DS value obtained is considered as a carboxymethylation rate of 28.35% (concerning the DS of the complete substitution), i.e., the grafting of the carboxymethyl group onto the guar backbone. However, the DS (0.19) is considered appropriate because the grafting rate of anionic groups onto the polymer chain required to produce a superabsorbent material is in the range of (25–30%). − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties of a New Highly Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Reinforced with Bentonite and Silica Particles for Disposable Hygiene Products

et al. 2022

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Superabsorbent polymers derived from petroleum have been widely used as the primary component of high-water-absorption disposable sanitary products. However, environmental concerns as well as unstable market prices influence the quality of disposable hygiene products. The development of superabsorbent polymers from natural, non-petroleum-derived materials has become more predominant. In the present study, two borax-cross-linked carboxymethyl guar-based superabsorbents with bentonite (CMG-Bt) and fumed silica particle reinforcement (CMG-Bt-Si) were synthesized. The materials have been fully characterized by various techniques. The swelling behavior was studied through free swelling capacity (FSC) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC). The swelling kinetics and urea absorption capacity were further analyzed. The effects of the cross-linking ratio, mineral clay, silica particles, and pH of the liquids on the swelling properties of the superabsorbents have been studied. The incorporation of silica particles demonstrated a positive effect on water uptake reaching 78.63 and 41.09 g/g of FSC and CRC, respectively, at an optimum pH of 6.8. The optimum swelling kinetics were attributed to CMG-Bt-Si of 5 wt % silica particle content, indicating a velocity parameter (ζ) of 41 s in saline solution. Finally, the highest swelling values were obtained at 10, 10, and 5 wt % for the cross-linking ratio, bentonite content, and silica particle content, respectively; in addition, the absorption of urea by the CMG-Bt-Si material was also confirmed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties of a New Highly Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Reinforced with Bentonite and Silica Particles for Disposable Hygiene Products

et al. 2022

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“…Here, we chose the environmental‐friendly poly(butylene adipate‐coterephthalate) polymer (PBAT, Figure a) [ 22 ] to implant the perovskite film with the anti‐solvent method. The PBAT polymer is a biodegradable plastic, which specifically refers to a type of plastic that is degraded by the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, molds (fungi), and algae, and has environmental protection properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental‐Friendly Polymer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Mitigating Lead Leakage

Cao

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are on the road to industrialization, the operational stability under high efficiency still needs to be improved, and the water solubility of lead ions (Pb2+) will cause environmental pollution problems. Herein, it is successfully implanted an environment‐friendly (biodegradability) poly(butylene adipate‐coterephthalate) polymer (PBAT) into the perovskite film, which can passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ and neutral iodine defects of the perovskite material because of the adequate carbonyl groups and benzene rings in PBAT polymer, thereby regulating the crystallization of perovskite film with lower trap density, inhibiting the nonradiative recombination and improving charge carrier transport. As a result, the polymer‐incorporated inverted PSCs achieve optimal conversion efficiencies of 22.07% (0.1 cm2) and 20.31% (1 cm2). Meanwhile, the incorporated device, after being encapsulated, exhibits a prominent improvement in operational stability of high‐efficiency device under maximum power point tracking and continuous one sunlight illumination, maintaining the initial efficiency of 80% for 3249 h. More importantly, the polymer network can protect Pb2+ from being dissolved by water and prevent nearly 98% of Pb2+ from leaking by directly immersing the polymer‐coated perovskite film in water. Environmental‐friendly molecules provide new hope for solving lead poisoning and improving device operational stability under high efficiency.

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“…1 Nevertheless, these man-made materials have poor compatibility with the environment due to over-exploitation of the non-renewable fossil feed stock, emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), and generation of non-biodegradable plastic waste and microplastics, which comprehensively threatens the sustainability of the biosphere. [2][3][4][5] The design and development of novel synthetic materials thus should consider multiple factors throughout their entire life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-process synthetic strategies of sustainable isohexide-based polyesters towards higher molecular weight and commercial applicability

Wang

et al. 2022

Green Chem.

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Superabsorbent Polymers: From long-established, microplastics generating systems, to sustainable, biodegradable and future proof alternatives

Cited by 95 publications

References 317 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties of a New Highly Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Reinforced with Bentonite and Silica Particles for Disposable Hygiene Products

Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties of a New Highly Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Reinforced with Bentonite and Silica Particles for Disposable Hygiene Products

Environmental‐Friendly Polymer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Mitigating Lead Leakage

Short-process synthetic strategies of sustainable isohexide-based polyesters towards higher molecular weight and commercial applicability

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