Superantigen Disruption of CD8+ T and B lymphocyte Homeostasis

Twelve-Day-Old Neonate With Rapidly Enlarging Forehead Lesion

“…8 In turn, this interaction triggers massive release of T-lymphocytes as well as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. 9 ET-A and ET-B are serine proteases that bind to and hydrolyze desmoglein-1, a desmosome protein responsible for cell-cell adhesion. 8,10 Disruption of desmoglein-1-mediated adhesion leads to blister formation and allows for bacterial proliferation within blister fluid.…”

Human endogenous retroviruses: transposable elements with potential?

“…As a consequence, a large number of T cells (5–20%, hence the term ‘superantigen’) bearing the particular V β segment are expanded [43]. SAGs produced by bacteria or virus modulate the immune system through the release of cytokines with disruption of lymphocyte homeostasis, the polarization of CD4 Th1/Th2 phenotypes plus changes in antibody production [44,45]. Over time, associations of T cell receptor usage with particular diseases have been cited, e.g.…”