Supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese herbal medicine

Ling, Yong‐Chien; Teng, Hung-Jin; Cartwright, C. Hawley

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01077-2

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, this group of pesticides (e.g. DDT) accumulates in adipose tissue and is a latent threat to health (87). The main adverse effects associated with overexposure to OPs are symptoms of the nervous system, including headache, dizziness, paraesthesia, tremor, discoordination, or convulsions (86).…”

Section: Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

Kosalec

Cvek

Tomić

2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

162

123

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Medicinal plants have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important part of traditional medicine. Thus, medicinal plants and herbal products must be safe for the patient (consumer). This review addresses biological contaminants (microbes and other organisms) and chemical contaminants (mycotoxins, toxic elements such as heavy metals, and pesticide residues) as major common contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. To prevent and screen for contamination and ensure safety and conformity to quality standards, medicinal herbs and herbal products should be included in appropriate regulatory framework.

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Section: Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

Kosalec

Cvek

Tomić

2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

162

123

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“…The use of most OCPs is now prohibited in China, but their low biodegradability means that they can still be detected in the environment [7]. Because many herbs such as American ginseng are plant materials, they carry a risk of contamination from agricultural chemicals [8]. Therefore, residuals of environmentally persistent pesticides may be carried by the plants and soil to varying degrees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of QuEChERS Pesticide Multiresidue Method in Traditional Saudi Medicine and Analysis by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Al‐Othman¹,

Abd-Alrahman²,

Al‐Daghri³

2015

IJCEA

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Abstract-The Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method (QuEChERS) has been validated for the extraction of 9 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different matrices of traditional Saudi medicine plants (TSMP). The nine OCPs were hexachlorohexane isomers (HCH, including α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC,), heptachlor, heptachlor-epoxide, and DDT derivatives (o,p-DDE, p,p-DDE, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDT). The method employed a rapid, simple and cost effective procedure. The spiking levels for the recovery experiments were 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 mg kg-1. Mean recoveries mostly ranged from 82.0% to 104.0% (93.0% on average), while the linearity for 9 OCPs, in the working standard solutions of six concentration levels between 1 and 100 ng/ml, varied from 0.989 to 0.999. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) were generally below 10% (4.72% on average). Based on these results, the methodology was shown to be robust and highly efficient and thus, suitable for monitoring MRL compliance in a wide range of commodity. The contamination status of 9 OCPs on different TSMPs fenugreek, ginger cloves and cinnamon marketed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Among a total of 48 samples which were also tested using a previously validated method, 31.0% (15 samples) contained at least one of the 9 pesticides. We conclude that QuEChERS is a valid method suitable for investigate of OCPs residues in TSMPs.

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“…For these reasons, the contents of pesticide residues in Chinese herbs have been concerning by public in China and the other areas of the world. There have methods reported for the analysis of pesticide residues in TCM [9,17,18]. However, a rapid procedure or screening method to determine organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in TCM, especially for complex matrix medicinal herbs, such as flos lonicerae, is of great significance in quality control activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pre-treatment usually is time-consuming, which includes extraction, purification, and enhancement of the analytes to reduce or eliminate possible interference to the accurate detection. Soxhlet extraction [21], accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) [16], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [17], solid phase extraction (SPE) [12,13], microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) [22], matrix solid phase disperse extraction (MSPDE) [19,23], and disperse solid phase extraction (DSPE, QuEChERS) [24][25][26] have been investigated for pesticides analysis. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), as reported in bibliography [10,16,27,28], may be one of the best tech-niques for the analysis of multi-residue of pesticides in TCM, which separates lower molecular weight target pesticides from higher molecular weight chemical matrices, such as pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gel Permeation Chromatography Purification and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection of Multi-Pesticide Residues in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Zhuang¹,

Gong²

2012

AJAC

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The measurement of 23 organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid pesticides in typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), flos lonicerae, was made using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) purification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. The pesticides were extracted with ultrasonic device and 5.0 mL mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane (1:1, v/v). Coextractants from sample matrices which may have interfere to the qualitative and quantitative analysis, such as pigments, were removed using GPC purification. Simultaneous full scan and selective ion monitor (scan/SIM) mode for GC-MS was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which provided retention time and characteristic fragments ratio for each pesticide so as to positively identify each analyte. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were within 7.7% (5.0 -22.5 µg/kg, n = 3). The recoveries of pesticide standards at the spiked concentration of 5.0 -22.5 µg/kg were between 87.1% and 110.9%. Limits of detection (LODs) for the analytes were 0.16 -3.2 µg/kg, which could meet the demand of routine analysis and TCM quality control.

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Supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese herbal medicine

Cited by 60 publications

References 40 publications

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

Application of QuEChERS Pesticide Multiresidue Method in Traditional Saudi Medicine and Analysis by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Gel Permeation Chromatography Purification and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Detection of Multi-Pesticide Residues in Traditional Chinese Medicine

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