Supercritical fluids in separation and purification: A review

Manjare, Sampatrao D.; Dhingra, Kabir

doi:10.1016/j.mset.2019.04.005

Cited by 120 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…SFE is an extraction method that utilises a supercritical fluid, e.g. supercritical CO 2 , as the extracting solvent to extract usually from a solid matrix . Sometimes, the main supercritical fluid is modified by the addition of small volume of co‐solvents such as ethanol or methanol.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Nahar

Chen

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Artemisinin (1), a well‐known natural antimalarial drug, is a sesquiterpene lactone that contains a unique peroxide bridge. Since its discovery, the amount of research into the analysis of artemisinin has increased considerably, and it has been further intensified since the Noble Prize win by Tu Youyou in the year 2015 for the discovery of artemisinin. Objective To review literature on the extraction and analysis of artemisinin, published during 2017–present, and to present an appraisal of those methods. Methodology Extensive literature search was carried out which involved, but not limited to, the use of, various databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with artemisinin being present in all combinations, in the search were artemisinin, Artemisia annua, analysis, extraction, quantitative, qualitative and quality control. Results During the period covered in this review, several methods of analysis of artemisinin have been reported, the most of which were liquid chromatography (LC)‐based methods. However, the use of new methods like near‐infrared analysis, fluorometirc analysis and molecular imprinting, and a significant increase in the use of computational tools have been observed. Mainly several methods involving supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound‐assisted extraction of artemisinin have dominated the extraction area. Conclusions Newer analytical tools, as well as improved protocols for the known analytical tools, for qualitative and quantitative determination of artemisinin (1), have been made available by various researchers during the period covered by this review. Supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound‐assisted extraction are still the methods of choice for extraction of artemisinin.

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Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…supercritical CO 2 , as the extracting solvent to extract usually from a solid matrix. 22,23 Sometimes, the main supercritical fluid is modified by the addition of small volume of co-solvents such as ethanol or methanol. This extraction method is particularly useful for relatively non-polar thermolabile materials.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extraction (Sfe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Nahar

Chen

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…Due to increasingly restrictive environmental regulations and new trends related to “green chemistry principles”, extraction with supercritical fluids (SFE) has gained special interest among extraction techniques and is also considered a differentiated route for the extraction of compounds/substances from natural matrices [ 26 ]. This technology has been disseminated in multiple industrial areas due to its unique advantages and to the characteristics of supercritical fluids, such as diffusivity and viscosity close to those of a gas, a density similar to that of a liquid, low extraction temperatures, selective extraction, simplicity and recovery of the solvent-free product, and generating products with high added value at the end of the process [ 21 , 27 ]. In addition, SFE presents good yields and preserves the physico-chemical characteristics of the components to be extracted, presenting numerous advantages over conventional extractions, mainly considering the greater selectivity of the process [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology has been disseminated in multiple industrial areas due to its unique advantages and to the characteristics of supercritical fluids, such as diffusivity and viscosity close to those of a gas, a density similar to that of a liquid, low extraction temperatures, selective extraction, simplicity and recovery of the solvent-free product, and generating products with high added value at the end of the process [ 21 , 27 ]. In addition, SFE presents good yields and preserves the physico-chemical characteristics of the components to be extracted, presenting numerous advantages over conventional extractions, mainly considering the greater selectivity of the process [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Important aspects that should be considered in SFE are the choice of operational conditions in the extraction process for each studied matrix [ 27 , 29 , 30 ], i.e., the use of optimized values for the different conditions (pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate and volume, cosolvent type and concentration, among others) can significantly improve the yield and recovery of the compound or class of compounds of interest [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Extraction of Red Propolis: Operational Conditions and Chemical Characterization

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to determine the best operational conditions for obtaining red propolis extract with high antioxidant potential through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the supercritical fluid and ethanol as the cosolvent. The following parameters were studied: overall extraction curve, S/F (mass of CO2/mass of sample), cosolvent percentage (0, 1, 2 and 4%) and global yield isotherms as a function of different pressures (250, 350 and 450 bar) and temperatures (31.7, 40 and 50 °C). Within the investigated parameters, the best conditions found were an S/F of 131 and the use of ethanol at the highest concentration (4% w/w), which resulted in higher extract yields and higher content of antioxidant compounds. Formononetin, the main biomarker of red propolis, was the compound found at the highest amounts in the extracts. As expected, the temperature and pressure conditions also influenced the process yield, with 350 bar and 40 °C being the best conditions for obtaining bioactive compounds from a sample of red propolis. The novel results for red propolis found in this study show that it is possible to obtain extracts with high antioxidant potential using a clean technology under the defined conditions.

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“…Due to the low polarity of CO2, ethanol was used as the polar co-solvent because of its lower toxicity compared to other polar co-solvents. This was added to enhance the compounds' solubility in the SCW (Manjare and Dhingra, 2019). The utilisation of 100% ethanol was not preferred for delignification due to the unavailability of nucleophilic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purity and structural composition of lignin isolated from Miscanthus x giganteus by sub-critical water extraction with associated modifiers

2020

JAFE

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Lignin is an industrial by-product produced from the pulping and paper industry, where the process generates lignin in the form of lignosulphonates. While there are many applications for lignin, there are all low value and attempts to add value to lignin are hindered by its complex physicochemical nature and the presence of sulphur. Adopting the biorefining concept, the study evaluates the impact of direct (DE) and sequential extraction (SE) of Miscanthus x giganteus using sub-critical water with associated modifiers; ethanol and carbon dioxide on the physical and chemical properties of the extracted lignin. Isolated lignins were characterised by a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Although higher delignification was achieved by DE and SE about 81.5% and 58.0%, respectively, the lignin recovered from the SE process showed remarkably higher purity with 91.5%. Lignin recovery did not differ considerably for either processing method. FTIR revealed a qualitative reduction in the intensity of bonds corresponding to hydroxyl groups for the lignin derived from DE rather than SE processing routes. These indicated that the lignin derived from SE had potential for subsequent preparation in lignin value-added bio-based materials.

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Supercritical fluids in separation and purification: A review

Cited by 120 publications

References 180 publications

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Supercritical Extraction of Red Propolis: Operational Conditions and Chemical Characterization

Purity and structural composition of lignin isolated from Miscanthus x giganteus by sub-critical water extraction with associated modifiers

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