Supercritical toluene and ethanol extraction of an Illinois No. 6 coal

Amestica, Luis A.; Wolf, E. L.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(84)90042-5

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…6 bituminous coal was subjected to supercritical fluid extraction at 673 K with water (at 21.2-24.7 MPa), methanol (at 8.6 MPa), and ethanol (at 11.9 MPa), among other solvents, but in this study the conversion yield with the water (34% and 39%) was larger than with methanol (8.4%) and ethanol (17.5%) [27]. Supercritical ethanol at 673 K and 20.5 MPa yielded 35.7% conversion to liquid products, but only 78.6% ethanol recovery, which was increased to 84.3 recovery on lowering the pressure at 673 K to 12.7 MPa, but at the expense of a much lower conversion to liquid products, 22.2% [28]. Brazilian coals were extracted by supercritical methanol and ethanol (also propanols, butanols, and pentanols) with recovery of >40% of liquid and gaseous products [29].…”

Section: Supercritical Extraction Applied To Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Extraction by Subcritical and Supercritical Water, Methanol, Ethanol and Their Mixtures

Marcus

2018

Separations

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Hot, subcritical and supercritical water, methanol, ethanol and their binary mixtures have been employed to treat fuels (desulfurize coal and recover liquid fuels from coal and oil shales) and to extract valuable solutes from biomass. The properties of these solvents that are relevant to their extraction abilities are presented. Various extraction methods: accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE, but excluding supercritical carbon dioxide) with these solvents, including microwave-and ultrasound-assisted extraction, are dealt with. The extraction systems are extensively illustrated and discussed.

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Section: Supercritical Extraction Applied To Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Extraction by Subcritical and Supercritical Water, Methanol, Ethanol and Their Mixtures

Marcus

2018

Separations

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“…Sensitivity to the pressure applied was noted for extraction with supercritical ethanol at 673 K; at 20.5 MPa it yielded a 35.7% conversion to liquid products, but only 78.6% ethanol recovery. At the expense of a much lower conversion to liquid products of 22.2% [31], the recovery was increased to 84.3% by lowering the pressure at 673 K to 12.7 MPa. Extraction by supercritical methanol and ethanol (also propanols, butanols, and pentanols) was applied to Brazilian coals with a recovery of >40% of liquid and gaseous products [32].…”

Section: Supercritical Extraction Applied To Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction for Fuels, Bio-Materials and Purification

Marcus

2019

Processes

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Supercritical fluids are used for the extraction of desired ingredients from natural materials, but also for the removal of undesired and harmful ingredients. In this paper, the pertinent physical and chemical properties of supercritical water, methanol, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and their mixtures are provided. The methodologies used with supercritical fluid extraction are briefly dealt with. Advances in the application of supercritical extraction to fuels, the gaining of antioxidants and other useful items from biomass, the removal of undesired ingredients or contaminants, and the preparation of nanosized particles of drugs are described.

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“…An attempt to predict "solubility" of coal in gas extraction based on the solubility parameter Hildebrand ð, was made by Giddings [31][32][33]. Basing on experimental data, Giddings suggested that the power of supercritical extraction is directly related to their solubility parameter ð.…”

Section: General Principles Of the Extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%