Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics

Liang, Junzhong; Williams, David R.; Miller, Donald T.

doi:10.1364/josaa.14.002884

Cited by 1,332 publications

(898 citation statements)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…19 Adaptive optics (AO) can compensate for these aberrations in living eyes by using a wavefront sensor to measure aberrations of the eye and a deformable mirror or a spatial light modulator to compensate for these aberrations. 20,21 After the aberrations are corrected, lateral resolutions of the order of 2 mm can be achieved, thereby allowing visualization of singlecone photoreceptors with the AO technology. 22,23 The integration of AO with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), that is, AO-SLO, provides images of the retina with a high resolution and contrast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,24 Recent studies with AO-SLO have revealed that this technique provides a unique opportunity to analyze the effects of genetic mutations on photoreceptors. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] To better understand the pathogenesis of XLRP, high-resolution images of the photoreceptor layer and AO-image-derived measures of photoreceptor integrity are essential. This study was designed to evaluate the structural characteristics in five female obligate carriers of XLRP by using various retinal imaging methods, including a compact AO-SLO that uses a dual liquid-crystal phase modulator introduced by Hirose et al 26 This non-invasive approach makes it possible to investigate the structural abnormalities in individual photoreceptor cells in obligate XLRP carriers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected these distances because the our AO system cannot clearly show individual cones at the center of the fovea; this limitation has also been reported with other similar systems. [20][21][22][23][24]26,29,30 Cone cells at foveal eccentricities of 40.15 mm can be resolved.To measure cone density, the number of cones was counted in the area of AO-SLO images. The cone cells appeared as bright spots that were 2-5 mm in diameter, and the examiners manually selected areas (50 Â 50 pixels), while excluding the areas where in retinal vessels or artifacts obscured the underlying cone mosaic.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Cellular imaging demonstrates genetic mosaicism in heterozygous carriers of an X-linked ciliopathy gene

Hong

et al. 2013

Eur J Hum Genet

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X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is the least common genetic type of retinitis pigmentosa; however, it has extremely devastating consequences to patients' activities of daily living. RPGR and RP2 genes expressed in the photoreceptor sensory cilia are predominantly implicated in XLRP; however, the interpretation of genetic mutations and their correlation with clinical phenotypes remain unknown, and the role of these genes in photoreceptor cilia function is not completely elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated structural characteristics in five female obligate carriers of XLRP by using state-of-the-art non-invasive imaging methods, including adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO). In all five carriers examined, qualitative and quantitative analyses by AO SLO imaging revealed a mosaic pattern of cone disruption, even in the absence of visual symptoms, normal visual acuity and normal macular thickness, on optical coherence tomography and mildly subnormal full-field cone electroretinographic findings. As the technique is sensitive to the level of a single cone, the ability to visualize the cone cells in vivo should be especially useful in other retinal diseases. In addition, further investigation of XLRP carriers may yield insight into how cone structures change over time and ultimately enable understanding of the role of RPGR and RP2 in cone cell survival. European Journal of Human Genetics (2013Genetics ( ) 21, 1240Genetics ( -1248 doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013; published online 27 February 2013Keywords: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa carrier; photoreceptor layer; adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy INTRODUCTIONIdentification of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) carriers is challenging and has serious implications for genetic counseling. Female XLRP carriers usually have normal, or close to normal, visual acuity, but often show some degree of fundus changes, including sectorial or peripheral pigmentary deposits and a tapetal-like reflex (TLR), 1 as well as abnormal fundus. Many previous studies have detailed the prevalence of abnormal fundus photography, 1,2 vitreous fluorophotometry, 3 infrared (IR) reflectance images, 1,2 electroretinographic (ERG), 4,5 psychophysical 6 and flicker-fusion 7 findings in such carriers. More recently, several studies have investigated XLRP carriers with advanced devices, including FAF, 8 multifocal ERG 9 and OCT 10,11 to reveal clinical phenotypes of XLRP. Most XLRP carriers can be identified on the basis of fundus findings and ERG changes; however, 10-30% of carriers show no abnormal ERG or fundus finding. 1,4,5,9 Although XLRP is the least common genetic type of RP, accounting for 6-17% of familial retinitis pigmentosa cases, it is extremely devastating. 1,12,13 In the first or second decade of life, affected individuals experience a decrease in peripheral and night vision, and the disease often leads to partial or complete blindness in the fourth or fifth decade of life. 14 In contrast to the severe retinal degeneration in affected men, female carriers of t...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Cellular imaging demonstrates genetic mosaicism in heterozygous carriers of an X-linked ciliopathy gene

Hong

et al. 2013

Eur J Hum Genet

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“…In 1997, Liang et al proposed a method to compensate for the aberrations in the human eye by means of adaptive optics [40]. Adaptive optics has mainly been used to correct the dynamic wave-front error that atmospheric turbulence causes in astronomical telescopes [53,69].…”

Section: Adaptive Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for enhancing digital information displayed to computer users with visual refractive errors via spatial and spectral processing

Alonso¹

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., "A method for enhancing digital information displayed to computer users with visual refractive errors via spatial and spectral processing" (2007 We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. Malek Adjouadi Roberto PanepucciShu-Ching Chen The dissertation of Miguel Alonso Jr is approved. Dean Vish Prasad College of Engineering and ComputingDean George Walker University Graduate School This research is based on a priori knowledge of the user's visual aberration, as measured by a wavefront analyzer. With this information it is possible to generate images that, when displayed to this user, will counteract his/her visual aberration. The method described in this dissertation advances the development of techniques for providing such compensation by integrating spatial information in the image as a means to eliminate some of the shortcomings inherent in using display devices such as monitors or LCD panels. Additionally, physiological considerations are discussed and integrated into the method for providing said compensation. viIn order to provide a realistic sense of the performance of the methods described, they were tested by mathematical simulation in software, as well as by using a single-lens high resolution CCD camera that models an aberrated eye, and finally with human subjects having various forms of visual aberrations. Experiments were conducted on these systems and the data collected from these experiments was evaluated using statistical analysis.The experimental results revealed that the pre-compensation method resulted in a statistically significant improvement in vision for all of the systems. Although significant, the improvement was not as large as expected for the human subject tests. Further analysis suggest that even under the controlled conditions employed for testing with human subjects, the characterization of the eye may be changing. This would require real-time monitoring of relevant variables (e.g. pupil diameter) and continuous adjustment in the pre-compensation process to yield maximum viewing enhancement.

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Retinal Imaging With Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Unexplained Central Ring Scotoma

et al. 2008

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Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics

Cited by 1,332 publications

References 30 publications

Cellular imaging demonstrates genetic mosaicism in heterozygous carriers of an X-linked ciliopathy gene

Cellular imaging demonstrates genetic mosaicism in heterozygous carriers of an X-linked ciliopathy gene

A method for enhancing digital information displayed to computer users with visual refractive errors via spatial and spectral processing

Retinal Imaging With Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Unexplained Central Ring Scotoma

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