“…Depending upon the surface functionality (COOH, NH 2 or SH), these magnetic nanoadsorbents capture metal ions either by forming chelate complexes, by ion exchange process or else through electrostatic interaction. It has been reported that these surface-engineered Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have a strong affinity for the simultaneous adsorption of [45,47,48,51,68,118,[123][124][125][126]. In addition, the adsorption process was found to be highly dependent on the amount, surface functionality and pH of the medium, which caused these nanoparticles to selectively adsorb metal ions [125][126][127].…”