“…The GO/PAM hydrogel presented a broad non-crystalline diffraction region between 10° and 29°, indicate the successful impregnation of the PAM into the graphite oxide layers. In terms of GO/PAM/Fe 3 O 4 , seven peaks appeared at 2 θ values of 18.4°, 30.2°, 35.7°, 43.4°, 53.8°, 57.2°, and 62.7°, which are characteristic peaks of Fe 3 O 4 , are attributed to the (1 1 1), (2 2 0), (3 1 1), (4 0 0), (4 2 2), (5 1 0), and (4 4 0) planes, respectively ( Filho, Brito, Silva, Streck, Bohn, & Fonseca, 2021 ). However, it must be noted that the sharp characteristic peak of GO (2 θ of 11.4°) did not appear in both GO/PAM and GO/PAM/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite which attributed to either the complete exfoliation of GO sheets in the polymer or the partial exfoliation leaving a small amount of crystalline GO.…”