Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides to suckling piglets promotes the growth of fiber-degrading gut bacterial populations during the lactation and nursery periods

González-Solé, Francesc; Solà-Oriol, David; Ramayo-Caldas, Yuliaxis; Rodríguez-Prado, M.; Ortiz, Gemma González; Bedford, M.R.; Pérez, J. F.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15963-4

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Both in humans and pigs, the gut microbiota structure undergoes drastic changes during the weaning phase, shifting from bacterial populations oriented to degrade metabolites present in the mother’s milk to bacterial populations adapted to degrade complex carbohydrates existent in the novel food offered at weaning [ 51 , 58 ]. Nevertheless, several studies suggest that events and interventions during the lactation period have the potential to induce long-lasting effects on the immune system programming, barrier function, and bacterial composition, which are preserved beyond weaning [ 1 , 25 , 59 , 60 ]. Studies in humans showed contrasting results regarding the long-term repercussions of the early modulation of the microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, interventional studies on animal models are more convincing in this respect [ 4 ]. For instance, in a previous report, we observed that the supplementation of xylooligosacharides to piglets exclusively during the lactation period stimulated the growth of fiber-degrading bacterial populations in the post-weaning period [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The taxonomic assignment of phylotypes was performed using a Bayesian Classifier trained with Silva V4 database version 138 (99% OTU full-length sequences) [ 24 ]. A detailed description of all further steps in the bioinformatic analysis is available in our previous publication [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal Microbiota and Hair Glucocorticoid Concentration Show Associations with Growth during Early Life in a Pig Model

et al. 2022

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Identifying characteristics associated with fast or slow growth during early life in a pig model will help in the design of nutritional strategies or recommendations during infancy. The aim of this study was to identify if a differential growth during lactation and/or the nursery period may be associated with fecal microbiota composition and fermentation capacity, as well as to leave a print of glucocorticoid biomarkers in the hair. Seventy-five commercial male and female pigs showing extreme growth in the lactation and nursery periods were selected, creating four groups (First, lactation growth, d0–d21; second, nursery growth, d21–d62): Slow_Slow, Slow_Fast, Fast_Slow, and Fast_Fast. At d63 of life, hair and fecal samples were collected. Fast-growing pigs during nursery had higher cortisone concentrations in the hair (p < 0.05) and a tendency to have a lower cortisol-to-cortisone ratio (p = 0.061). Both lactation and nursery growth conditioned the fecal microbiota structure (p < 0.05). Additionally, fast-growing pigs during nursery had higher evenness (p < 0.05). Lactation growth influenced the relative abundance of eight bacterial genera, while nursery growth affected only two bacterial genera (p < 0.05). The fecal butyrate concentration was higher with fast growth in lactation and/or nursery (p < 0.05), suggesting it has an important role in growth, while total SCFA and acetate were related to lactation growth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, piglets’ growth during nursery and, especially, the lactation period was associated with changes in their microbiota composition and fermentation capacity, evidencing the critical role of early colonization on the establishment of the adult microbiota. Additionally, cortisol conversion to cortisone was increased in animals with fast growth, but further research is necessary to determine its implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal Microbiota and Hair Glucocorticoid Concentration Show Associations with Growth during Early Life in a Pig Model

et al. 2022

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“…( Okazaki et al, 1990 ; Courtin et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2010 ). XOS has been linked to improved fibre digestion, higher SCFA concentration, and better gut health in poultry ( Morgan et al, 2019 , 2022 ; Šimić et al, 2023 ) and swine ( Liu et al, 2018 ; González-Solé et al, 2022 ). However, the typical assumption is that microbial adaptation to XOS occurs mainly in the caecum while the ileum remains largely understudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimbiotic supplementation and xylose-rich carbohydrates modulate broiler’s capacity to ferment fibre

Davies,

González-Ortiz,

Rinttilä

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Stimbiotics are a new category of feed additives that can increase fibre fermentability by stimulating fibre-degrading microbiota in the gut. The aim of this study was to test, ex vivo, if the microbiota of broilers fed a stimbiotic are better able to ferment different xylose-rich substrates in an ileal and a caecal environment. The ileal and caecal contents from broiler chickens fed a stimbiotic or from a control group were used as an inoculum in the ex vivo fermentation experiment. Different xylose-rich substrates including monomeric xylose (XYL), XOS with DP 2 to 6 (XOS), short DP XOS of 2 to 3 (sDP-XOS), long DP XOS of 4 to 6 (lDP-XOS) and de-starched wheat bran (WB), were added to each ileal and caecal inoculum in fermentation vessels. Total gas, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, bacterial quantification, and carbohydrate utilisation were monitored for 9 h post-inoculation. No significant interactions were observed in any of the parameters measured in either the ileal or caecal contents (p > 0.05). Stimbiotic ileal inocula resulted in higher total gas (p < 0.001) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) (p < 0.001) production, increased numbers of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and decreased numbers of Enterococcus spp. (p < 0.01) after 9 h regardless of the xylose-rich substrate added. Stimbiotic caecal inocula resulted in a higher ratio of VFA to branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) by up to +9% (p < 0.05). Ileal microbiota were found to preferentially metabolise WB, while caecal microbiota favoured XOS substrates, particularly lDP-XOS. These results indicate that stimbiotics can promote the abundance of lactic acid bacteria involved in the establishment of fibre-degrading bacteria and VFA content in the gut, which could have beneficial effects on broiler performance. Further, ileal and caecal microbiota differ in their utilisation of different substrates which may impact the effectiveness of different stimbiotic products.

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“…The weaning transition is a critical period for mammalian growth (Holman et al, 2021;Gonzalez-Sole et al, 2022). Due to the inadequate development of immunological and digestive systems (Hughes et al, 2017), they are more susceptible to viruses and harmful bacteria, which can damage intestinal function and cause debilitating diarrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectin supplement alleviates gut injury potentially through improving gut microbiota community in piglets

et al. 2022

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As pectin is widely used as a food and feed additive due to its tremendous prebiotic potentials for gut health. Yet, the underlying mechanisms associated with its protective effect remain unclear. Twenty-four piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace, 6.77 ± 0.92 kg) were randomly divided into three groups with eight replicates per treatment: (1) Control group (CON), (2) Lipopolysaccharide-challenged group (LPS), (3) Pectin-LPS group (PECL). Piglets were administrated with LPS or saline on d14 and 21 of the experiment. Piglets in each group were fed with corn-soybean meal diets containing 5% citrus pectin or 5% microcrystalline cellulose. Our result showed that pectin alleviated the morphological damage features by restoring the goblet numbers which the pig induced by LPS in the cecum. Besides, compared with the LPS group, pectin supplementation elevated the mRNA expression of tight junction protein [Claudin-1, Claudin-4, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)], mucin (Muc-2), and anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-22]. Whereas pectin downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-&alpha (TNF-α), and NF-κB. What is more, pectin supplementation also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Blautia, and Subdoligranulum), and significantly reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Streptococcus. Additionally, pectin restored the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) after being decreased by LPS (mainly Acetic acid, Propionic acid, and Butyric acid) to alleviate gut injury and improve gut immunity via activating relative receptors (GPR43, GPR109, AhR). Mantel test and correlation analysis also revealed associations between intestinal microbiota and intestinal morphology, and intestinal inflammation in piglets. Taken together, dietary pectin supplementation enhances the gut barrier and improves immunity to ameliorate LPS-induced injury by optimizing gut microbiota and their metabolites.

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Supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides to suckling piglets promotes the growth of fiber-degrading gut bacterial populations during the lactation and nursery periods

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Fecal Microbiota and Hair Glucocorticoid Concentration Show Associations with Growth during Early Life in a Pig Model

Fecal Microbiota and Hair Glucocorticoid Concentration Show Associations with Growth during Early Life in a Pig Model

Stimbiotic supplementation and xylose-rich carbohydrates modulate broiler’s capacity to ferment fibre

Pectin supplement alleviates gut injury potentially through improving gut microbiota community in piglets

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