Supplementation with Estradiol-17β Before the Last Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Injection of the Ovsynch Protocol in Lactating Dairy Cows

Souza, A. H.; Gümen, Ahmet; Silva, E.P.B.; Cunha, A.P.; Guenther, Jerry; Peto, C.M.; Caraviello, D.Z.; Wiltbank, Milo C.

doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0172

Cited by 122 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…This has been clearly shown in numerous studies using timed AI programs (Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2008;Bisinotto et al, 2010b;Giordano et al, 2012b and. In addition, studies on cows that receive AI after detection of estrus, have generally reported that minor elevations in P4 near AI are also detrimental to fertility (De Silva et al, 1981;Waldmann et al, 2001;Ghanem et al, 2006), although some studies did not obtain this result (Erb et al, 1976;Plym Forshell et al, 1991).…”

Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition, studies on cows that receive AI after detection of estrus, have generally reported that minor elevations in P4 near AI are also detrimental to fertility (De Silva et al, 1981;Waldmann et al, 2001;Ghanem et al, 2006), although some studies did not obtain this result (Erb et al, 1976;Plym Forshell et al, 1991). During Ovsynch, the percentage of cows that do not have complete regression following the PGF2α treatment before timed AI has been reported to range from 5% to 30% (Moreira et al, 2000;Gumen et al, 2003;Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2009;Martins et al, 2011b;Giordano et al, 2013b). A recent extensive study of incomplete luteolysis evaluated multiple blood samples in cows at first AI (n = 652) and second or greater AI (n = 394) (Martins et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study whether P4 near AI had an effect on fertility during timed AI protocols, our laboratory (Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2009) evaluated fertility in lactating cows synchronized with Ovsynch on three commercial dairy herds. We collected blood samples for P4 measurement near the time of the last GnRH of Ovsynch.…”

Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated P4 in vitro, also increased total α-inhibin production by the cumulus-oocyte complex, which may reduce embryo development after cleavage (Silva et al, 1999). Further, the reduced endometrial thickness that accompanies slight elevations in P4 (Souza et al, 2011) may indicate other major effects of P4 on the blood flow and functionality of the uterus and these changes could underlie the reduced embryo development.In summary, circulating P4 near AI, >0.1 ng/ml in a study using estradiol to induce ovulation (Pereira et al, 2013) or > 0.3 to 0.5 ng/ml in studies using GnRH to induce ovulation (Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2010;Martins et al, 2011b;Ribeiro et al, 2012;Giordano et al, 2012b), is detrimental to fertility in dairy cattle, but the underlying physiological mechanisms that reduce fertility are not well understood. An additional PGF2α treatment in cows receiving Ovsynch and more precise detection of estrus may help to minimize the percentage of cows with elevated circulating P4 near AI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first AI, 80% of cows underwent complete luteolysis, whereas at second + AI only 71% underwent complete luteolysis. Surprisingly, greater P4 concentrations at the time of PGF2α were associated with greater probability of luteolysis after PGF2α treatment and greater fertility (50% v. 28%).To study whether P4 near AI had an effect on fertility during timed AI protocols, our laboratory (Souza et al, 2007;Brusveen et al, 2009) evaluated fertility in lactating cows synchronized with Ovsynch on three commercial dairy herds. We collected blood samples for P4 measurement near the time of the last GnRH of Ovsynch.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Wiltbank

Souza

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Animal

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114

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The discovery of progesterone (P4) and elucidation of the mechanisms of P4 action have an important place in the history of endocrinology and reproduction. Circulating P4 concentration is determined by a balance between P4 production, primarily by the corpus luteum (CL), and P4 metabolism, primarily by the liver. The volume of luteal tissue and number and function of large luteal cells are primary factors determining P4 production. Rate of P4 metabolism is generally determined by liver blood flow and can be of critical importance in determining circulating P4 concentrations, particularly in dairy cattle. During timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols, elevations in P4 are achieved by increasing number of CL by creating accessory CL or by supplementation with exogenous P4. Dietary manipulations can also alter circulating P4, although practical methods to apply these techniques have not yet been reported. Elevating P4 before the timed AI generally decreases double ovulation and increases fertility to the timed AI. Near the time of AI, slight elevations in circulating P4, possibly due to inadequate luteal regression, can dramatically reduce fertility. After AI, circulating P4 is critical for embryo growth and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Many studies have attempted to improve fertility by elevating P4 after timed AI. Our recent meta-analysis and manipulative study indicated small fertility benefits (3% to 3.5%) mostly in primiparous cows. Thus, previous research has provided substantial insight into mechanisms regulating circulating P4 concentrations and actions. Understanding this prior research can focus future research on P4 manipulation to improve reproductive success. Keywords: progesterone, lactating dairy cows, fertility ImplicationsThis manuscript reviews effects of circulating progesterone (P4) on dairy cattle reproduction. Various methods to elevate P4 during growth of the preovulatory follicular wave have been shown to increase pregnancies/ artificial insemination (AI) and reduce double ovulation, providing methods to improve fertility and reduce twinning rate in lactating dairy cattle. Conversely, very low concentrations of P4 near AI are needed to optimize fertility. Finally, elevations of P4 after AI can impact embryonic development and also may elevate fertility. Thus, innovative strategies to optimize circulating P4 concentrations during selected reproductive periods enhance our management tools for improving reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows. Discovery of Progesterone (P4)The discovery of P4 begins with a clear description by Regnier deGraaf (1641-1673) of the corpus luteum (CL), calling them 'globules' and correctly surmising (for rabbits) that 'the number of globules equals the number of offspring from a particular mating ' (deGraaf, 1672 in (Jocelyn andSetchell, 1972)). A key discovery came in the laboratory of Gustav Born , an excellent histologist, who observed that the CL was a ductless gland and correctly advanced the idea that it was a gland of internal sec...

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Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pregnancy Loss In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Wiltbank

Souza

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Animal

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195

114

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The Ovarian Follicle of Cows as a Model for Human

Sirard¹

2017

Animal Models and Human Reproduction

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d-Cloprostenol enhances estrus synchronization in tropical hair sheep

Ramírez¹,

Meza-Villalvazo

Arredondo³

et al. 2018

Trop Anim Health Prod

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To compare the effects of PGF2α (dinoprost tromethamine) and D-cloprostenol in a two-dose protocol for estrus synchronization in hair sheep during breeding season in Yucatán, México, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, 61 cyclic hair sheep were divided into two groups: G1 (control n = 30), two doses of 50 μg of dinoprost tromethamine IM with 12 days between applications, and G2 (n = 31), two doses of 50 μg of D-cloprostenol IM at the same time interval. For determination of progesterone levels, 16 ewes from each group were randomly selected. In experiment 2, 70 cyclic hair sheep were assigned at the same treatments (G1 and G2, n = 35) and 48 h after the second application, the ewes in estrus were detected by two vasectomized rams. Sheep with detected estrus were inseminated, and 45 days after, pregnant animals were identified by ultrasonography. An exact Fisher's test was performed for the analysis of ewes in estrus (experiments 1 and 2) and number of pregnant ewes (experiment 2); for the comparison of time between end of treatment-estrus presentation, a survival analysis was used. Duration of estrus in hours was analyzed using a generalized mixed model (GLM) ANOVA whereas plasma progesterone concentrations were analyzed by non-linear regression. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the proportion of ewes in estrus upon treatments (G1, 57% vs G2, 87% and G1, 37.1% vs G2, 65.7% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively), and between the end of treatment-onset estrus interval (P < 0.01), survival curves showed the highest number of sheep in estrus between 40 and 48 h (G1, 43.7 + 8.05 h vs G2, 42.9 + 6.7 h, experiment 1). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in duration of estrus (G1, 42 + 6.1 h, vs G2, 41.1 + 11.2 h, experiment 1) and pregnancy in the ewes that presented estrus, and were inseminated (G1, 38.4% vs 52.1%, experiment 2). With regard to concentrations of progesterone, significant differences (P < 0.01) were found between treatments, and progesterone levels before the second application of D-cloprostenol were higher. In consideration of the results, it can be concluded that in a two-dose protocol of a luteolytic agent, more ewes presented estrus in response to D-cloprostenol compared to dinoprost tromethamine with similar pregnancy rates.

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Supplementation with Estradiol-17β Before the Last Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Injection of the Ovsynch Protocol in Lactating Dairy Cows

Cited by 122 publications

References 47 publications

Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

The Ovarian Follicle of Cows as a Model for Human

d-Cloprostenol enhances estrus synchronization in tropical hair sheep

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