Supported copper catalysts for highly efficient hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid and γ-valerolactone

Abstract

Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the most significant cellulose-derived compounds.γ-Valerolactone (GVL) and 1,4-Pentanediol (1,4-PDO) are considered to be the important chemical intermediates. Direct conversion of LA to GVL and GVL to 1,4-PDO were achieved via chemoselective hydrogenation by supported copper catalysts. We studied the transformation of LA to GVL in water and alcohol, and the pathway of the reaction was also studied. LA was converted to GVL catalyzed by Cu(30%)-WO 3 (10%)/ZrO 2 -CP-300 catalyst at 413 K in ethanol with 81% yield, while 84% GVL was obtained with Cu(30%)/ZrO 2 -OG-300 catalyst in water at 393 K. Furthermore, 1,4-PDO was produced from GVL in excellent selectivities (>90%) using Cu-TiO 2 /ZrO 2 -CP-600 catalyst. Scheme 1. The pathway of the conversion of LA to GVL, PDO and MTHF.Horváth et al. reported a multi-step process for the transformation of LA to GVL, PDO and MTHF by homogeneous

Efficient Hydrogenation of Biomass Oxoacids to Lactones by Using NHC–Iridium Coordination Polymers as Solid Molecular Catalysts

“…No better outcomes were found. Furthermore, organic bases including 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), Et 3 Na nd pyridine all resulted in unsatisfactory yields (Table 1, entries 4a nd 5, and Ta ble S1, entries [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Decreasing the reaction time, temperature or the pressure of H 2 led to inferior results( Ta ble 1, entries 6, 7a nd Ta ble S1,entries 20-21).…”

“…[11] Among them, the hydrogenation of biomass levulinic acid (LA) and its derivatives followed by cyclization constituteo ne of the most attractive and effective approaches to access GVL. Until now,m ultiple heterogeneous [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and homogenous [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] catalysts have been developeda nd investigated.I ng eneral, heterogeneous catalysts offer severalp rominent advantages including easy separation and possible reusability of the catalysts. [13,14] However,d ue to their low activities, high reactiont emperatures and H 2 pressures are required to achieves atisfactory outcomes.…”

Enhanced Transfer Hydrogenation Activity of Zr‐Doped Mesoporous Silica through Sol‐Gel Method for the Reduction of Biomass‐Derived Unsaturated Carbon‐Oxygen Bonds

“…When 5 mol% water was added to the model reaction, the reaction provided a slight lower GVL yield of 85% under the standard reaction condition, which was still acceptable. The addition of water may compete with the substrate to interact with the active sites of catalysts or affect the H transfer process by forming H‐bonding, which would reduce the whole reaction rate of transfer hydrogenation reaction . However, this interaction was reversible and EL could further access to active sites when water molecule was split from the Zr sites.…”

Environmental Catalysis: Present and Future

“…[75] Copyright, 2016 Elsevier (C) Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of 5hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) to 2,5-bishydroxymethyl furan (BHMF) over low-cost ZrO (OH) 2 Reproduced with permission of ref. [76] Copyright, 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry and (D) Hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to cyclopentanone using Ru catalysts. Reproduced with permission of ref.…”