Suppression by Licorice Flavonoids of Abdominal Fat Accumulation and Body Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice

Aoki, Fumiki; Honda, Shinichi; Kishida, Hideyuki; Kitano, Mitsuaki; Arai, Naoki; Tanaka, Hozumi; Yokota, Shinichi; Nakagawa, Kaku; Asakura, Tomiko; Nakai, Yuji; Mae, Tadahiko

doi:10.1271/bbb.60463

Cited by 116 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…7,8) There are several species of licorice, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCHER, G. glabra LINNE, and G. inflate BATALIN, and each of which contains speciesspecific flavonoids. 9,10) Licorice flavonoid oil (LFO), which contains hydrophobic flavonoids from G. glabra LINNE, is a new ingredient for functional foods. [9][10][11][12] We recently found that LFO decreases the size of hepatic lipid droplets, which are mainly composed of triglyceride (TG), and abdominal adipose tissue weight in diet-induced obese mice.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Anti-obesity Action Of Licorice Flavonomentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Anti-Obesity Action of Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Kamisoyama

Honda

Tominaga

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Investigation Of the Anti-obesity Action Of Licorice Flavonomentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Anti-Obesity Action of Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Kamisoyama

Honda

Tominaga

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…These results suggest that ingestion of LFO enhances energy consumption, especially fat oxidation. These results may be explained, at least in part, by the fact that in previous studies the administration of LFO suppressed fatty acid synthesis and activated peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the liver of mice and rats (4,14). It was postulated that the suppression of fatty acid synthesis and the enhancement of peroxisomal beta-oxidation resulted in the selective enhancement of fat oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These studies indicate that LFO may help to prevent lifestylerelated diseases such as obesity associated with metabolic syndrome. The mechanism of the antiobesity effect of LFO was previously investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mouse model and the results suggest that the effect was mediated by modification of the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver (4). In particular, it has been shown that LFO increases the enzymatic activity of acyl-coA dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the fatty acid oxidative pathway, and simultaneously decreases the enzyme activity of acetyl-coA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, the rate-limiting enzymes in the fatty acid synthetic pathway.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Fat Oxidation by Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Healthy Humans during Light Exercise

Mori

Nakanishi

Shiomi

et al. 2015

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) is a new functional food ingredient consisting of hydrophobic licorice polyphenols in medium-chain triglycerides. Recent studies reported that LFO prevented and ameliorated diet-induced obesity via the regulation of lipid metabolism-related gene expression in the livers of mice and rats, while it reduced body weight in overweight human subjects by reducing total body fat. However, the direct effects of LFO on energy metabolism have not been studied in human subjects. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ingestion of LFO on energy metabolism, including fat oxidation, by measuring body surface temperature under resting conditions and respiratory gas analysis under exercise conditions in healthy humans. We showed that ingestion of a single 600 mg dose of LFO elevated body trunk skin temperature when measured in a slightly cooled air-conditioned room, and increased oxygen consumption and decreased the respiratory exchange ratio as measured by respiratory gas analysis during 40% Vo2max exercise with a cycle ergometer. Furthermore, repeated ingestion of 300 mg of LFO for 8 d decreased respiratory exchange during the recovery period following 40 min of 30% Vo2max exercise on a treadmill. These results suggest that LFO enhances fat oxidation in humans during light exercise. Key Words licorice, flavonoid, respiratory exchange ratio, fat oxidation, humans Licorice is widely consumed as a food and natural medicine/herbal drug in both Eastern and Western countries (1). There are several species of licorice, including Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, G. glabra Linne, and G. inflata Batalin, each of which contain specific flavonoids (1).Licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) is a new functional food ingredient containing hydrophobic flavonoids derived from G. glabra (2). Our previous study suggested that LFO is effective in reducing visceral fat accumulation and suppressing elevated blood glucose levels in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice (2). Subsequently, a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that LFO was effective in suppressing body weight gain by reducing body fat mass in overweight volunteers (3). These studies indicate that LFO may help to prevent lifestylerelated diseases such as obesity associated with metabolic syndrome. The mechanism of the antiobesity effect of LFO was previously investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mouse model and the results suggest that the effect was mediated by modification of the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver (4). In particular, it has been shown that LFO increases the enzymatic activity of acyl-coA dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the fatty acid oxidative pathway, and simultaneously decreases the enzyme activity of acetyl-coA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, the rate-limiting enzymes in the fatty acid synthetic pathway.These studies suggest that LFO may alter energy metabolism, especially fat degradation. However, there is no information regarding the short-acting effects of LFO on en...

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“…However, as shown above, fasting plasma collected in the early light cycle is needed for plasma biochemical analysis, but non-fasting samples may be more suitable when liver gene expression is studied. Of course, these data cannot fully represent the situation in human, especially the turnover of TGL and T-CH levels, but a diet-induced obese model does indeed reproduce human obesity better than genetically developed obese animal models (Aoki et al, 2007). In conclusion, because gene expression is affected by fasting and sampling time, physiological and biological variables need to be considered during the interpretation of experimental data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting and sampling time affect liver gene expression of high-fat diet-fed mice

Lee¹

2010

Animal

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Several physiological and biological variables are known to affect peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-adependent signaling pathway and plasma biochemical profiles. However, less is known about the effect of these variables on high-fat diet-fed mice. In a 5-week study, C57BL/6 mice were divided into control (C) and high-fat diet-fed (H) groups, whereby before dissection, each group was subdivided into non-fasted (nC and nH) and a 15-h fasted mice (fC and fH) killed in the early light cycle, and a 15-h fasted mice (eC and eH) killed in the late phase of the light cycle. Liver and blood from the vena cava were collected. Non-fasted nC and nH mice have a marginal difference in their body weight gain, whereas significant differences were found for fasted mice. In nH mice, PPAR-a, acyl-CoA oxidase and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein expressions were significantly elevated, in contrast to fatty acid synthase (Fasn), stearoyl CoA-desaturase (SCD)-1, and elongase (ELOVL)-6 expressions. Fasn was profoundly induced in fH mice, while decreased sterol regulatory-binding protein-1 and SCD-1 were found only in eH mice. Different from the gene expression profiles, plasma total cholesterol level of the eH mice was higher than controls, whereas nH mice have increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids. Only glucose level of the fH mice was higher than that observed for controls. Results showed that fasting and sampling time have significantly affected liver gene expression and plasma biochemical indices of the high-fat diet-treated mice. An overlook in these aspects can cause serious discrepancies in the experimental data and their interpretations.

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Suppression by Licorice Flavonoids of Abdominal Fat Accumulation and Body Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice

Cited by 116 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation of the Anti-Obesity Action of Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Investigation of the Anti-Obesity Action of Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Enhancement of Fat Oxidation by Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Healthy Humans during Light Exercise

Fasting and sampling time affect liver gene expression of high-fat diet-fed mice

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