Suppression of Lymphocyte Function After Aortic Reconstruction

Keane, R. M.; Munster, Andrew M.; Birmingham, W. J.; Winchurch, Richard A.; Gadacz, Thomas R.; Ernst, Calvin B.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1982.01380330001001

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Many studies have shown in experimental models that internal biliary drainage resulted in better systemic immune status [21], improved intestinal barrier and immune functions [22], and better liver regeneration and function [23] than external drainage. However, a previous report showed that the bile salts themselves inhibited mitogen‐induced lymphocyte function in the presence of obstructive jaundice in a dose‐dependent manner [16]. Thus the mechanism of immunodeficiency in the presence of obstructive jaundice is not yet clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains unclear whether bile salts influenced the changed number of ETCs directly or indirectly. Previous articles have reported inhibition of lymphocyte function by bile salts [16, 28], so it is unlikely that bile in the gut lumen would directly influence such changes in the lymphocyte proportions. That the number of ETCs in the liver decreased at day 7 in the DCA group, whereas their numbers were maintained in the IE, suggest that bile had some indirect effect on the number of ETCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the DCA group (the model of the presence of bile salts after obstructive jaundice), oral intake of DCA (concentration 0.5% with a volume of 0.1 ml/g) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was performed six times for 48 hours (every 8 hours) before sacrificing the mice, which was also done at days 2, 3, and 7. DCA was selected because in a previous study DCA had the strongest detergent activity when compared to chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid [16]; the concentration of DCA was also chosen based on a previous report [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Extrathymic T Cells in the Liver and Intestinal Intraepithelium in Mice with Obstructive Jaundice

et al. 2004

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Recently, T cells were classified into two categories: intrathymic T cells (ITCs; thymus-derived T cells) and extrathymic T cells (ETCs). ETC, localized in the liver and intestinal intraepithelium (IE), play an important immunologic role in the suppressed condition of T-cell development in the thymus. Given the fact that complications of surgery in patients with obstructive jaundice are often related to immunosuppression in the gut-liver circulation, we attempted to investigate the changes in the proportion of ETCs in mice with obstructive jaundice. Three mice models were prepared ( n = 10 per group): sham group with simple laparotomy; ligation group with common bile duct ligation; deoxycholic acid (DCA) group with an oral intake of DCA as a model of the presence of bile salts in the gut lumen. In each model, total mononuclear cells (MNCs), ITCs in the thymus, and ETCs in the liver and IE were counted using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with a two-color immunofluorescence test by flow cytometry. In the ligation group the number of MNCs was reduced in the thymus and IE, and only those in the IE recovered after oral intake of DCA. A decrease of ITCs in the thymus and the increase in ETCs in the liver and IE occurred simultaneously during the early phase of biliary obstruction. At day 7 after biliary obstruction, ETCs in the livers of the DCA and ligation groups decreased to nearly the level in the sham group. However, on day 7 the ETCs in the IE remained significantly higher in the DCA group than in the ligation group. These results suggested that ETCs can act in place of ITCs at an early phase of obstructive jaundice, and the presence of bile in the gut lumen may be associated with the consumption of ETCs in the IE, a reaction that may bring about improved immunoreactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Extrathymic T Cells in the Liver and Intestinal Intraepithelium in Mice with Obstructive Jaundice

et al. 2004

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“…Their effect on the immune system has rarely been studied in the past. Previous human studies show various degrees of immunodepression following trauma, sepsis, and various surgical procedures.l-4 We have found only two previous studies, one evaluating lymphocyte dysfunction in a series of elderly patients undergoing aortic bypass procedures,5 5 and the other assessing host defense mechanisms in patients undergoing vascular procedures . 6 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of graded aortic occlusion on the reticuloendothelial (RES) function of young healthy rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Graded Aortic Occlusion on the Reticuloendothelial System

David

Stanton

1987

Vascular Surgery

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To evaluate the effect of graded aortic occlusion on the reticuloendothelial system (RES), 21 Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to fifteen (GI), thirty (GII), or sixty (GIII) minutes of distal aortic occlusion or to a sixty-minute sham operation (GIV) under general anesthesia. Chromium 51-labeled sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected twenty-four hours later, and SRBC half-life (T½) was measured as an index of RES function. Decreased RES function was (1) dependent upon the duration of clamping time, (2) most pronounced at sixty minutes' clamping time, (3) characterized by a marked increase in SRBC half-life, along with a decreased radioactive uptake by the spleen and liver.

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