Supraharmonic Pollution Emitted by Nonlinear Loads in Power Networks—Ongoing Worldwide Research and Upcoming Challenges

Michalec, Łukasz; Kostyła, Paweł; Leonowicz, Zbigniew

doi:10.3390/en16010273

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The activity in the newly EU funded project ADMIT should bring new research impetus, applied to the measurement of SH phenomena with Instrument Transformers in particular in MV networks. The recorded number of contributions is in agreement with what reported in [45], where a reduction for the years 2021 and 2022 is pointed out, although the absolute numbers are more than double due to the larger scope of the publication.…”

Section: Bibliometric Assessment Of References and Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids and Derived Limits

Mariscotti,

Mingotti

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the integration of electronic devices and intelligent electronic devices into the power grid, power quality (PQ) has consistently remained a significant concern for system operators and experts. Maintaining high standards of power quality is crucial to prevent malfunctions and faults in electric assets and in connected loads. Recently, PQ studies have shifted their focus to a specific frequency range, previously not considered problematic, the supraharmonic 2kHz–150kHz range. This range is not populated by the harmonic components of the 50-60 Hz mains fundamental, but a combination of intentional emissions, switching and non-linearity by-products and various types of resonances. This paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of the impact of SH on power network operation and assets, focusing on the most relevant documented negative effects, namely power loss and heating of grid elements, aging of dielectric materials, failure of medium voltage (MV) cable terminations, and interference to equipment and to power line communication (PLC) technology in particular. Under some shareable assumptions limits are derived and compared to existing ones for harmonic phenomena, providing a clear identification of the primary issues associated with supraharmonics and suggestions for the standardization process. Strictly related is the problem of grid monitoring and assessment of SH distortion, discussing the suitability of normative requirements for instrument transformers (ITs) with specific focus on their accuracy.

show abstract

Section: Bibliometric Assessment Of References and Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids and Derived Limits

Mariscotti,

Mingotti

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The activity in the newly EU-funded project ADMIT ( , accessed on 7 April 2024) should bring new research impetus, applied to the measurement of SH phenomena with instrument transformers, in particular, in MV networks. The recorded number of contributions is in agreement with what is reported in [ 70 ], where a reduction for the years 2021 and 2022 is pointed out, although the absolute numbers in [ 70 ] are double due to the larger scope of the publication.…”

Section: Bibliometric Assessment Of References and Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effects of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids

Mariscotti,

Mingotti

2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the integration of electronic devices and intelligent electronic devices into the power grid, power quality (PQ) has consistently remained a significant concern for system operators and experts. Maintaining high standards of power quality is crucial to preventing malfunctions and faults in electric assets and connected loads. Recently, PQ studies have shifted their focus to a specific frequency range, previously not considered problematic—the supraharmonic 2 kHz to 150 kHz range. This range is not populated by easily recognizable harmonic components of the 50 Hz to 60 Hz mains fundamental, but by a combination of intentional emissions, switching non-linearities and byproducts, and various types of resonances. This paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of the impact of supraharmonics (SHs) on power network operation and assets, focusing on the most relevant documented negative effects, namely power loss and the heating of grid elements, aging of dielectric materials, failure of medium voltage (MV) cable terminations, and interference with equipment and power line communication (PLC) technology in particular. Under some shareable assumptions, limits are derived and compared to existing ones for harmonic phenomena, providing a clear identification of the primary issues associated with supraharmonics and suggestions for the standardization process. Strictly related is the problem of grid monitoring and assessment of SH distortion, discussing the suitability of normative requirements for instrument transformers (ITs) with a specific focus on their accuracy.

show abstract

“…More specifically, the international standards IEC 61000-4-7 [10], IEC 61000-4-30 [13], and CISPR 16-1 [18] provide methods for measuring HFDs. The proposed method for measuring frequency components above 9 kHz involves aggregating the energy of the signal under analysis into predetermined frequency ranges.…”

Section: Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, several papers are focused on the topic of HFD. These research studies are focused on measuring the level of emissions generated by different sources [9,10] and their effects on LV and MV power system components [11], evaluation methods of HFD levels [12,13], propagation through power network impedance [14,15], and mitigation strategies [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Grids and Instrument Transformers up to 150 kHz: A Review of Literature and Standards

Agazar,

D’Avanzo,

Frigo

et al. 2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The phenomenon of high-frequency distortion (HFD) in the electric grids, at both low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) levels, is gaining increasing interest within the scientific and technical community due to its growing occurrence and the associated impact. These disturbances are mainly injected into the grid by new installed devices, essential for achieving decentralized generation based on renewable sources. In fact, these generation systems are connected to the grid through power converters, whose switching frequencies are significantly increasing, leading to a corresponding rise in the frequency of the injected disturbances. HFD represents a quite recent issue, but numerous scientific papers have been published in recent years on this topic. Furthermore, various international standards have also covered it, to provide guidance on instrumentation and related algorithms and indices for the measurement of these phenomena. When measuring HFD in MV grids, it is necessary to use instrument transformers (ITs) to scale voltages and currents to levels fitting with the input stages of power quality (PQ) instruments. In this respect, the recently released Edition 2 of the IEC 61869-1 standard extends the concept of the IT accuracy class up to 500 kHz; however, the IEC 61869 standard family provides guidelines on how to test ITs only at power frequency. This paper provides an extensive review of literature, standards, and the main outputs of European research projects focusing on HFD and ITs. This preliminary study of the state-of-the-art represents an essential starting point for defining significant waveforms to test ITs and, more generally, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of HFD. In this framework, this paper provides a summary of the most common ranges of amplitude and frequency variations of actual HFD found in real grids, the currently adopted measurement methods, and the normative open challenges to be addressed.

show abstract

Supraharmonic Pollution Emitted by Nonlinear Loads in Power Networks—Ongoing Worldwide Research and Upcoming Challenges

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

The Effect of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids and Derived Limits

The Effect of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids and Derived Limits

The Effects of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids

Power Grids and Instrument Transformers up to 150 kHz: A Review of Literature and Standards

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About