Supramolecular Chemical Sensors Based on Pyrene Monomer–Excimer Dual Luminescence

Abstract

The past ten years have seen a spectacular development of chemical sensors based on the monomer-excimer dual luminescence of aromatic systems, such as pyrene. Either in the form of integrated or multicomponent molecular devices these chemosensors have been attracting a high interest above all because of their unique ratiometric properties. This review will focus on the latter systems, which can be classified into two classes: Firstly, the assembly of receptor-effector conjugates is triggerred by the analyte of interest. As a result, the sensor shows monomer to excimer fluorescence switching upon substrate binding. Secondly, the supramolecular assembly that constitutes the sensor is perturbed by interaction with the analyte. This induces a conformational change or the exchange of a component of the system, which is the cause of the luminescence switch effect.

Recent Progress in Abasic Site-binding Small Molecules for Detecting Single-base Mutations in DNA

“…[43][44][45][46] Significant efforts have been devoted to develop this class of probes for a wide range of analytes, including metal ions, 43,47 inorganic and organic anions, 48,49 enzyme activities, 50 and nucleic acids. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] A typical way to produce the ratiometric signal is by using double fluorescent dyes, in which techniques based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are widely used.…”

“…[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] A typical way to produce the ratiometric signal is by using double fluorescent dyes, in which techniques based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are widely used. [44][45][46] For example, for the analysis of singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in genomic DNAs, twofluorophore labeled hybridization probes have been developed based on the FRET strategy, [51][52][53][54] where pairs of Alexa 488-Cy5, 51 6-carboxyfluorescein-coumarin, 52 carboxy-x-rhodamine-Cy3, 53 and Cy3-Cy5 54 molecules were utilized. Another major approach to produce the ratiometric signal is based on the formation of excimers, 51,[55][56][57][58] and ratiometric fluorescent detection of SNP has been demonstrated using pyrene- 51,55,56 or perylene bisimide 57 -modified hybridization probes, and bispyrene diamines.…”

Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Chemosensors Specific for Pd²⁺ Detection

“…To date, only a few studies have reported that employed α-carbonyl substituted pyrene derivatives in sensing systems [20]. Especially, the metal chemosensors constructed by α-carbonyl substituted pyrene derivatives is rare [21]. Based on these above information, we explored the application of γ-oxo-1-pyrenebutyric acid (OPBA), with a carbonyl group substituted on the α-position of the pyrene chromophore, as a selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensor specific for Pd 2+ detection.…”

“…There was no pyrene excimer emission in the 2 : 1 complex formed between OPBA and Pd 2+ which suggested that the two pyrene chromophores are in the divergent position [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Nanophotonics and supramolecular chemistry

“…Photonic aspects of supramolecular systems can be applied for use in materials detection [17,[35][36][37][38][39]. Detection of particular chemical species accompanied by specific variations of fluorescence emission is a powerful method in analytical chemistry.…”