Supramolecular Chemistry: Host–Guest Molecular Complexes

Abstract

In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host–guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.

Self-Accommodating Honeycomb Networks from Supramolecular Self-Assembly of s-Indacene-tetrone on Silver Surfaces

“…The discrimination between the honeycomb host molecules and the guests is revealed by the two different contrasts appearing in the STM images. Contrary to other host-guest systems, [9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17] the corresponding empty honeycomb frameworks were never observed, which indicates a probable important interdependence between both molecular types.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Among the various tessellation patterns that can be created, the honeycomb network is particularly attractive due to its nanoporosity 2,6,7 leading to confinement effects 8 or potentially representing a prototypical system of host-guest molecular complexes. [9][10][11] In some cases, the system can be self-accommodating, i.e. incorporate some of the frame molecules (host) as guest, [12][13][14] as it is the case occasionally for example with the various porous networks formed by trimesic acid.…”

Molecular Approaches to Protein Dimerization: Opportunities for Supramolecular Chemistry

“…Supramolecular chemistry was initially inspired by biomolecules and their higher order structures ( Uhlenheuer et al, 2010 ; Khan and Lee, 2021 ). Recently, the supramolecular chemistry to modulate and control dimerization of protein have been reported.…”

Advanced Methods for the Characterization of Supramolecular Hydrogels

“…SPM describes a set of microscopy techniques that employ a physical probe that scans over the material surface to generate a high-resolution image. In the context of supramolecular hydrogels, AFM, also called scanning force microscopy, is the most wellknown scanning probe microscopy technique, although others include scanning tunneling microscopy [84] and scanning near-field optical microscopy [85,86]. In this review, we focus on AFM because that is the most widely used technique for the characterization of supramolecular hydrogels.…”