Supramolecular cyclodextrin-based drug nanocarriers

Abstract

Supramolecular systems formed by the binding of several cyclodextrins (CDs) to polymers or lipids, either via non-covalent or covalent links, open a wide range of possibilities for the delivery of active substances. CDs can perform as multifunctionalizable cores to which very diverse (macro)molecules and drugs can be conjugated. Grafting with amphiphilic molecules can lead to nanoassemblies exhibiting a variety of architectures. CDs can also polymerize with other CDs or can be used to functionalize preexisting polymers to form polymers/networks with enhanced capability to form inclusion complexes. Alternatively, CDs can be exploited as transient cross-linkers to form poly(pseudo)rotaxane-based networks or zipper-like assemblies. Combination of mutifunctionality and complexation ability of CDs has been shown to be useful to develop depot-like formulations and colloidal nanocarriers with improved performances regarding easiness of administration, protection of the encapsulated substances, control of the delivery rate, and cell interactions. The aim of this review is to provide an overall view of the diversity of designs of CD-based supramolecular nanosystems with a special focus on the advances materialized in the last five years, including clinical trials.

New aspects of controlled release systems for local anaesthetics: A review

“…Another system intensely studied in the field of controlled release systems is the one of cyclodextrines coupled with lipids or polymers [42]. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides which may form a tridimensional structure with a large number of hydroxyl groups on the side of the chain.…”

“…The main property of these nanosystems is given by their ability to attach a large number of biologically active molecules. According to the ratio of sugar cycles entering the structure of the tridimensional compound, three isoforms have been reported: alpha-, beta-and gamma-cyclodextrins [23,42,45]. …”

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“…Recently, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy has been proposed to the study of the dynamics of different systems. [166][167][168] …”

Tough polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels with dual-responsive shape memory properties

“…18 Particularly, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a special guest of a-CD for polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels with biological compatibility and potential biomedical applications. 2,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] However, most of the a-CD/PEG polypseudorotaxane supramolecular hydrogels were prepared via mixing a-CD with a presynthesized polymer containing PEG segments, which resulted in poor mechanical strength such as the lack of ability of bearing compression and deformation, except for a few studies with slide-ring joints structure for energy dissipation. 26,27 This can be attributed to the fact that, in comparison with native PEG, polypseudorotaxane chains exhibit significantly increased stiffness and intermolecular interactions, and therefore the polypseudorotaxanes are almost insoluble in water and tend to precipitate, resulting in heterogeneity inside gels.…”