Supramolecular Polymeric Material Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril: Sensitive Detection and Removal of Potential Cyanide from Water

Abstract

Potassium ferricyanide in an aqueous solution is easily decomposed into highly toxic substances (potassium cyanide and hydrogen cyanide) by light or alkaline action, which poses a major hazard to environmental and human health. Here, a reticulated aggregation-induced emission (AIE) supramolecular polymer material (TPAP-Mb@tQ­[14]) was prepared by the supramolecular self-assembly of twisted cucurbit[14]­uril (tQ­[14]) and a triphenylamine derivative (TPAP-Mb). TPAP-Mb@tQ­[14] not only recognizes Fe­(CN)6 3– with sensitive specificity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.64 × 10–7 M but can also effectively remove and adsorb Fe­(CN)6 3– from an aqueous solution with a removal rate as high as 97.38%. Meanwhile, an important component of the supramolecular polymer material (tQ­[14]) can be reused. Thus, the tQ­[14]-based supramolecular assembly has the potential to be used for applications addressing toxic anionic contaminants present in aqueous environments.

Construction of an Artificial Light-Harvesting System with Photocatalytic Activity Based on Nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril in Aqueous Solution

“…Nor - seco -cucurbit­[10]­uril ( ns -Q­[10]) is composed of five glycolurils linked by two CH 2 – bridges. , Due to this property, ns -Q­[10] has a good application prospect in adsorption and separation, fluorescence sensors, supramolecular polymers, , and supramolecular organic frameworks . In recent years, there has been increasing interest in mimicking natural light-harvesting systems based on macrocyclic chemistry due to their potential applications in biological imaging and optoelectronic equipment. − There are two key prerequisites for efficient energy transfer from a donor to an acceptor using the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. , First, the donor should be densely packed while avoiding intramolecular self-quenching of fluorescence due to the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. Second, to ensure that there are several donors for each acceptor, the donor/acceptor ratio should be relatively high.…”

Smartphone-Based Attomolar Cyanide Ion Sensing Using Au-Graphene Oxide Cryosoret Nanoassembly and Benzoxazolium-Based Fluorophore in a Surface Plasmon-Coupled Enhanced Fluorescence Interface

“…Therefore, increased interest has been devoted toward developing diagnostic tools to monitor the CN – ion concentration in biological (like serum, blood, and urine) and environmental samples (water, food, soil, air). In this regard, different techniques have been developed in the past, including electrochemical, chromatography, potentiometry, polarography, flow injection amperometric, and titrimetric analyses. − However, such conventional techniques suffer from time-intensive routes demanding lab personnel with adequate expertise to handle the sophisticated and expensive instrumentation, notwithstanding the observed low sensitivity.…”

“…This is primarily because of their perilous health effects on humans as well as animals on account of the widespread occurrence and proliferation in geological, biological, and manmade routes. − They are generally used in chemical processes including electroplating, petrochemical, plastics manufacturing, gold and silver extraction, medicine manufacturing, tanning, insecticides, fertilizers, and metallurgy to name a few. − The detrimental health effects of CN – ions include diseases related to cardiovascular, visual, vascular, endocrinal, metabolic, central nervous system, as well as respiratory system, wherein the suffocation within seconds to minutes can induce the exposed victim’s death. Fundamentally, the conjugation of CN – ion with the iron hampers the processes associated with enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, thereby undesirably affecting the electron transport. − This eventually results in vomiting and convulsion, which have lethal effects on human consciousness and biological processes, ultimately leading to death. Consequently, several guidelines, policies, and safety protocols are administered and regularized at local, national, and international levels in order to monitor CN – ion concentration in water, air as well as other biological systems.…”

Efficient fluorescence-enhanced probe for cyanide ions based on a tetraphenylethene pyridine coordinated copper-iodide complex

“…As a result, uorescent probe approaches have been extensively examined due to their convenience of use, quick detection, and low detection limits. 4,[9][10][11][12] However, the stability of conventional organic small molecule uorescent probes for cyanide detection, along with the utilization of toxic volatile organic solvents, imposes constraints on their wider application as practical sensors for cyanide. 13,14 Consequently, the pursuit of stable sensors based on organic and inorganic hybrid materials for the selective detection of CN − ions in aqueous environments remains a challenging and crucial research area.…”