Surface‐activated chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry in the analysis of amphetamines in diluted urine samples

Cristoni, Simone; Bernardi, L.; Gerthoux, Piermario; Gonella, Elisabetta; Mocarelli, Paolo

doi:10.1002/rcm.1558

Cited by 24 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Liquid-liquid (10,15,16 ) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures have been published (17)(18)(19). Capillary electrophoresis-MS (20,21 ) and liquid chromatography-MS (22)(23)(24)(25) assays also are available. In general, methods have included a limited number of compounds and a limited linear range.…”

Section: Drug Monitoring and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and Metabolites HMA, MDA, and HMMA in Human Urine

Pirnay¹,

Abraham²,

Huestis³

2006

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: A sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and its metabolites, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy), and its metabolites, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMMA) in human urine. Methods: We hydrolyzed 1 mL urine, fortified with MDMA-d 5 , MDA-d 5 , and MDEA-d 6, with 100 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 120°C for 40 min, then added 100 L 10 N sodium hydroxide and 3 mL phosphate buffer 0.1 N (pH 6.0) were added to hydrolyzed urine specimens before solid-phase extraction. After elution and evaporation, we derivatized extracts with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in EIselected ion-monitoring mode. Results: Limits of quantification were 25 g/L for MDEA, MDMA, and its metabolites. Calibration curves were linear to 5000 g/L for MDEA, MDMA, HMA, MDA, and HMMA, with a minimum r 2 > 0.99. At 3 concentrations spanning the linear dynamic range of the assay, mean overall extraction efficiencies from urine were >85.5% for all compounds of interest. Intra-and interassay imprecisions, produced as CV, were <15% for all drugs at 30, 300, and 3000 g/L.

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Section: Drug Monitoring and Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and Metabolites HMA, MDA, and HMMA in Human Urine

Pirnay¹,

Abraham²,

Huestis³

2006

Clinical Chemistry

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“…The high sensitivity of SACI has been observed in various applications (Cristoni et al, 2003b(Cristoni et al, , 2004a(Cristoni et al, ,b, 2005a(Cristoni et al, ,c, 2006bCristoni, 2006a). In all cases, a strong chemical noise reduction was observed when compared to ESI and APCI.…”

Section: Advantages Of the Saci Technologymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Existing applications have been performed using a planar surface (Cristoni et al, 2004a(Cristoni et al, ,b, 2005b(Cristoni et al, ,c, 2006a. A possible interesting development of this technology could be the use of other geometries to increase the SACI performance mainly in …”

Section: Surface Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a clear increase in the degree of sensitivity has been observed by using SACI in the analysis of addicted drugs in comparision to ESI, APCI, and ND-APCI approaches by applying a positive potential in the range 150-400 V to the metallic surface (Cristoni et al, 2004a(Cristoni et al, , 2005b. Moreover, it has been shown (Cristoni et al, 2005a) that the surface potential has a great effect on the ion signal intensity of arginine, 21-deoxycortisol and PHGGG-WGQPHGGGWGQ peptide.…”

Section: Surface Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…drugs (Cristoni et al, 2004a(Cristoni et al, , 2005c(Cristoni et al, , 2006b 2. amino acids (Cristoni et al, 2005b) 3. steroids (Cristoni et al, 2004b).…”

Section: A Analysis Of Addict Drugs and Small Moleculesunclassified

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Development and applications of surface‐activated chemical ionization

Cristoni

Rubini²,

Bernardi

2007

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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This review regards the recently developed ionization source named surface-activated chemical ionization (SACI) that employs an interaction with a surface placed at low voltage for the activation of the ionization of sample molecules to increase the sensitivity in the analysis of various compounds of biological and clinical interest. These results are due to the strong chemical noise decrease and the increase of ionization efficiency. This ionization source has been employed for the analysis of various compounds of different molecular mass and polarity (addicted and pharmaceutical drugs, amino acids, steroids, peptides, and proteins). The SACI development theoretical mechanism, benefits, disadvantages, applications, and future developments are reported and discussed.

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Trends in bioanalytical methods for the determination and quantification of club drugs: 2000–2010

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The term 'club drug' can be loosely defined as any substance used to enhance social settings. Such drugs are commonly found at raves or similar all-night dance parties and include methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), ketamine (KET), and flunitrazepam (FLU). These drugs have potentially dangerous side effects including hallucinations, paranoia, amnesia and hyperthermia. In addition, GHB, KET and FLU are considered predatory drugs due to their roles in drug-facilitated sexual assault. Forensic and regulatory agencies routinely have the need for determination and accurate quantification of these drugs in biological fluids, especially in cases of mortality or criminal investigations. This review presents the chromatographic and spectroscopic methods published for such analyses over the last decade, including sample preparation techniques and validation data.

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Surface‐activated chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry in the analysis of amphetamines in diluted urine samples

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and Metabolites HMA, MDA, and HMMA in Human Urine

Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and Metabolites HMA, MDA, and HMMA in Human Urine

Development and applications of surface‐activated chemical ionization

Trends in bioanalytical methods for the determination and quantification of club drugs: 2000–2010

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