Surface and groundwater quality characterization of Deoria District, Ganga Plain, India

Abstract

A water quality investigation was carried out in the Deoria district, Ganga plain, to assess the suitability of surface and groundwaters for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. As much as 50 representative samples from river and groundwater were collected from various stations to monitor the water chemistry of various ions, comprising Ca 2? , Mg 2? , Na ? , K ? , HCO 3 -, SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl -, F -, and trace metals, such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The results showed that electrical conductance (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), HCO 3 -, Mg 2? , Na ? , and total hardness (TH) are above the maximum desirable limit, and apart from Fe and Mn all other trace metals are within the maximum permissible limit for drinking water. The calculated values for sodium absorption ratio (SAR), salinity, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) indicate well to permissible use of water for irrigation. High values of Na%, RSC, and Mg-hazard (MH) at some stations restrict its use for agricultural purpose. Anthropogenic activities affect the spatial variation of water quality. Economic and social developments of the study area is closely associated with the characteristics of the hydrological network.

Geochemical characterization and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in semi-arid region of Basara, Telangana State, South India

“…Shand (1952) indicated that residual water contained in pores of granites or within the crystals of rocks may contain chloride. Chloride is higher (1010 mg/L in Bederelli village) due to leaching of upper soil layers by industrial and domestic activities and dry climates; furthermore, higher concentration of Cl − in drinking water causes a salty taste and has a laxative effect in people not accustomed to it (Bhardwaj and Singh 2011). The sulfate concentration of the groundwater samples of the study area ranges from 2.5 to 375 mg/L with an average value of 56.985 mg/L, which is below the permissible limit of 400 mg/L (WHO 1990).…”

Modeling water quality index to assess shallow groundwater quality for sustainable utilization in Southern India

“…The WHO (2004) standards for drinking purposes have been considered for the calculation of DWQI. The physical and chemical parameters of pH, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO 3 , CO 3 Cl, SO 4 , NO 3 and F were utilized. Each of 13 parameters has been assigned a weight (w i ) according to its relative importance in the overall quality of water for drinking purposes ( Table 2).…”

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation use in shallow hard rock aquifer of Pudunagaram, Palakkad District Kerala

“…Recently various researchers have carried out groundwater study for drinking and irrigation water standards using different indices and plots (Rao and Rao 2010;Rao et al 2012;Bhardwaj and Sen Singh 2011;Prasanna et al 2011;Akbal et al 2011;Nosrati and Van Den Eeckhaut 2012;Sharma et al 2012;Gupta et al 2012). Besides these, Machender et al (2013) have carried out groundwater and surface water study in a Chinnearu river basin to distinguish the groundwater and surface water for drinking and irrigation use.…”