Surface Chemical Characterization Using XPS and ToF-SIMS of Latex Particles Prepared by the Emulsion Copolymerization of Methacrylic Acid and Styrene

Davies, Martyn C.; Lynn, R. A. P.; Hearn, J.; Paul, A. J.; Vickerman, J. C.; Watts, J. F.

doi:10.1021/la960169j

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The presence of PSS À in the PAni nanofiber material was confirmed from the appearance of a shake-up satellite peak (291.6 eV) in the C 1s region spectrum ( Figure S10 in the Supporting Information), characteristic of p!p* transitions of localised conjugated systems, consistent with the aromatic arene rings of the PSS À . [62,81,82] This was further supported by the S 2p region of the spectra, which showed a peak at 168.5 eV (corresponding to the S 2p 3/2 component of the doublet, Figure S11 in the Supporting Information), in agreement with previous literature values for PSS À . [83][84][85] Significantly, TEM analysis of these samples showed that the ES-PAni-coated nanofibers were still intact and had retained the lengths and narrow length distributions of the original PFS 25 -b-P2VP 425 micellar templates ( Figure S7 in the Supporting Information).…”

Section: T [8c]supporting

confidence: 90%

Conductive, Monodisperse Polyaniline Nanofibers of Controlled Length Using Well‐Defined Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles as Templates

McGrath

Patil

Watson

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

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Stable colloidal dispersions of polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers with controlled lengths from about 200 nm-1.1 μm and narrow length distributions (Lw/Ln < 1.04; Lw = weight average micelle length, Ln = number average micelle length) were prepared through the template-directed synthesis of PAni using monodisperse, solution-self-assembled, cylindrical, block copolymer micelles as nanoscale templates. These micelles were prepared through a crystallization-driven living self-assembly method from a poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer (PFS25 -b-P2VP425). This material was initially self-assembled in iPrOH to form cylindrical micelles with a crystalline PFS core and a P2VP corona and lengths of up to several micrometers. Sonication of this sample then yielded short cylinders with average lengths of 90 nm and a broad length distribution (Lw/Ln = 1.32). Cylindrical micelles of PFS25 -b-P2VP425 with controlled lengths and narrow length distributions (Lw/Ln < 1.04) were subsequently prepared using thermal treatment at specific temperatures between 83.5 and 92.0 °C using a 1D self-seeding process. These samples were then employed in the template-directed synthesis of PAni nanofibers through a two-step procedure, where the micellar template was initially stabilised by deposition of an oligoaniline coating followed by addition of a polymeric acid dopant, resulting in PAni nanofibers in the emeraldine salt (ES) state. The ES-PAni nanofibers were shown to be conductive by scanning conductance microscopy, whereas the precursor PFS25-b-P2VP425 micelle templates were found to be dielectric in character.

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Section: T [8c]supporting

confidence: 90%

Conductive, Monodisperse Polyaniline Nanofibers of Controlled Length Using Well‐Defined Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles as Templates

McGrath

Patil

Watson

et al. 2013

Chemistry A European J

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“…This peak corresponds to the MA monomer unit minus a hydrogen (C 4 H 5 O 2 − ) and is observed in the negative ion spectra of all methacrylate polymers (34 – 36). As shown in Figure 6 the intensity of this peak is highest for the two grafted MA/NaSS films and nearly zero for the two grafted NaSS films.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Bioactive polymer grafting onto titanium alloy surfaces

et al. 2010

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Bioactive polymers bearing sulfonate (styrene sodium sulfonate, NaSS) and carboxylate (methylacrylic acid, MA) groups were grafted onto Ti6Al4V alloy surfaces by a two-step procedure. The Ti alloy surfaces were first chemically oxidized in a piranha solution and then directly subjected to radical polymerization at 70°C in absence of oxygen. The grafted surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and the Toluidin blue colorimetric method. Toluidin blue results showed 1 to 5 g/cm 2 of polymer was grafted onto the oxidized Ti surfaces. Grafting resulted in a decrease in the XPS Ti and O signals from the underlying Ti substrate and a corresponding increase in the XPS C and S signals from the polymer layer. The ToF-SIMS intensities of the S − and SO − ions correlated linearly with the XPS atomic percent S concentrations and the ToF-SIMS intensity of the TiO 3 H 2 − ion correlated linearly with the XPS atomic percent Ti concentration. Thus, the ToF-SIMS S − , SO − and TiO 3 H 2 − intensities can be used to quantify composition and amount of grafted polymer. ToF-SIMS also detected ions that were more characteristic of the polymer molecular structure (C 6 H 4 SO 3 − and C 8 H 7 SO 3 − from NaSS, C 4 H 5 O 2 − from MA), but the intensity of these peaks depended on the polymer thickness and composition. An in vitro cell culture test was carried out with human osteoblast-like cells to assess the influence of the grafted polymers on cell response. Cell adhesion after 30 min of incubation showed significant differences between the grafted and un-grafted surfaces. The NaSS grafted surfaces showed the highest degree of cell adhesion while the MA-NaSS grafted surfaces showed the lowest degree of cell adhesion. After 4 weeks in vivo in rabbit femoral bones bone was observed to be in direct contact with all implants. The percent of mineralized tissue around the implants was similar for NaSS grafted and non-grafted implants (59 and 57%). The MA-NaSS grafted implant exhibited a lower amount of mineralized tissue (47%). Keywords

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“…The PS latex was prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of St with surfmer [methacrylic acid (MAA)] according to the procedure as reported previously 36. St (10 mL) and 2 mL MAA were added to 95 mL distilled water in a three‐necked round bottom flask fitted with a condenser and a magnetic stirrer and purged with nitrogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superparamagnetic pH‐sensitive multilayer hybrid hollow microspheres for targeted controlled release

Liu

Dong

et al. 2010

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The superparamagnetic multilayer hybrid hollow microspheres have been fabricated using the layer-by-layer assembly technique by the electrostatic interaction between the polyelectrolyte cation chitosan (CS) and the hybrid anion citrate modified ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -CA) onto the sacrificial polystyrene sulfonate microspheres templates after etching the templates by dialysis. The saturation magnetization and magnetite contents of the superparamagnetic multilayer hybrid hollow microspheres were 32.46 emu/g and 51.3%, respectively. The hybrid hollow microspheres showed pH-sensitive characteristics. The adsorption and release of the basic dye (methylene blue) were applied to investigate the interaction between the amino groups of CS and the carboxyl groups of the Fe 3 O 4 -CA nanoparticles in different pH media. The superparamagnetic pH-sensitive multilayer hybrid hollow microspheres are expected to be used for the targeted controlled release of drugs or in diagnostics. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3135-3144, 2010 KEYWORDS: hybrid hollow microspheres; layer-by-layer assembly; pH sensitive; superparamagnetic; targeted controlled releaseRecently, surface-charged nanoparticles have been used for the fabrication of the multilayer hybrid hollow microspheres.

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Surface Chemical Characterization Using XPS and ToF-SIMS of Latex Particles Prepared by the Emulsion Copolymerization of Methacrylic Acid and Styrene

Cited by 33 publications

References 53 publications

Conductive, Monodisperse Polyaniline Nanofibers of Controlled Length Using Well‐Defined Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles as Templates

Conductive, Monodisperse Polyaniline Nanofibers of Controlled Length Using Well‐Defined Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles as Templates

Bioactive polymer grafting onto titanium alloy surfaces

Superparamagnetic pH‐sensitive multilayer hybrid hollow microspheres for targeted controlled release

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