Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars

Mukherjee, Atanu; Zimmerman, Andrew R.; Harris, Willie G.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.021

Cited by 992 publications

(553 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In contrast, biochar showed insignificant effect on NO 3 − -N leaching throughout the study period. Theoretically, anion exchange capacity of biochar is usually very low (Mukherjee et al 2011;Taghizadeh-Toosi et al 2011) and eventually decreased over time (Cheng et al 2008). Thus, NO 3 − ions were not strongly held on biochar surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-compost mixture as amendment for improvement of polybag-growing media and oil palm seedlings at main nursery stage

Radin

Bakar

Ishak

et al. 2017

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose Production of oil palm seedling in the nursery mainly utilises top soil as polybag medium. These soils, especially in tropical regions, are acidic and have low organic matter content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar and compost incorporation as amendment in polybag medium for oil palm seedlings growth at the nursery stage. Methods A polybag experiment was conducted with four biochar rates (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% w/w C addition), two compost rates (0 and 30% v/v), and two fertiliser application rates (75 and 100% of recommended rate). The effects of biochar, compost, and biochar-compost combination on oil palm seedling growth was evaluated and the effectiveness of EFB biochar in retaining soil nutrients was determined indirectly by measuring amount of nutrient leached through the polybag medium. Results Biochar, compost, and biochar-compost amendment improved polybag media's chemical properties (pH, total C and N, C:N ratio, CEC, Mg, and Ca). There were no significant effects of the amendments on shoot biomass. However, root growth and shoot:root ratio significantly improved with 1.5% w/w C addition and 30% (v/v) compost with 75% recommended fertiliser rates applied. Furthermore, nutrient leaching measurement indicates that, EFB biochar significantly reduced ammonium-N leaching up to 21-46%. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of biochar and compost co-application to improve the chemical properties of polybag medium and root development of oil palm seedlings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-compost mixture as amendment for improvement of polybag-growing media and oil palm seedlings at main nursery stage

Radin

Bakar

Ishak

et al. 2017

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The CEC depends mainly on: the content and properties of volatile matter for low carbonized biochar (Mukherjee et al, 2011), however due to the lability of this fraction, this effect is probably transient; the cooling of biochar with O 2 supply can oxidize it, generating carboxylic functionalities (Spokas et al, 2012); the aging of biochar also generates these functionalities (Cheng et al, 2006;Novotny et al, 2007Novotny et al, , 2009Heitkötter and Marschner, 2015). On the other hand, the anionic exchange capacity decreases with aging (Cheng et al, 2008); d. Sorption of nutrients and heavy metals (Beesley et al, 2011;Kookana et al, 2011;Melo et al, 2013): the adsorption of hard Lewis acids (e.g.…”

Section: Important Environmental and Agronomic Properties Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

175

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Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

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“…Recently, biochar has received increasing attention because of its ability to enhance soil fertility, adsorb contaminants, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions [5][6][7][8]. However, these characteristics vary significantly with feedstock type and biochar production conditions [9], with distinct chemical and physical properties obtained for different treatment temperatures and durations [10,11]. Biochar is generally considered a highly stable substance due to its condensed aromatic nature, especially when produced at high temperatures [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging on surface chemistry of rice husk‐derived biochar

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Herein, we aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of biochar produced from rice husk at 350 and 5508C, to characterize changes in the biochar properties during aging and to identify the effect of aging time on these changes. To simulate different stages in the aging process, samples were incubated at a constant temperature in the dark and maintained at 60% water holding capacity for 100-300 d. The transformation and morphology of the biochar particles were monitored by diffuse-reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy X-ray dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). During aging, a layer formed on the surface and the content of easily oxidized substances increased with increased aging time. In addition, SEM indicated that oxidation occurred close to the biochar surface rather than in the biochar particle interior. Furthermore, the DRIFTS and XPS results indicated that the biochar surface produced at 5508C underwent decarboxylation and hydroxylation, while for the 3508C biochar, the increase in surface oxygen content was associated with the presence of hydroxyl moieties.

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Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars

Cited by 992 publications

References 53 publications

Biochar-compost mixture as amendment for improvement of polybag-growing media and oil palm seedlings at main nursery stage

Biochar-compost mixture as amendment for improvement of polybag-growing media and oil palm seedlings at main nursery stage

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Effect of aging on surface chemistry of rice husk‐derived biochar

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