Surface Deformations Caused by the Convergence of Large Underground Gas Storage Facilities

Tajduś, Krzysztof; Sroka, Anton; Misa, Rafał; Tajduś, A.; Stefan, Meyer

doi:10.3390/en14020402

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We should remember that the values of volumetric compressibility moduli show a strong dependence on porosity, as was first pointed out in [7], and shown empirically e.g., in [8][9][10]. The form of Equations ( 4), (5), and (7) shows that correct determination of the values of volumetric compressibility moduli K and K s is a sine qua non condition for practical application of both the effective pressure rule (6) and Biot Equations (1) and (2). The studies described in this work were carried out to determine a relationship between the value of the K s modulus (and, as a consequence, of the α coefficient) and the rate of change of the confining pressure and the pore pressure.…”

Section: Materials Identification-constitutive Equation Of the Mediummentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The research results presented in this paper demonstrate what happens if this condition is not met. In particular, it follows from them that some material constants cease to be constant and, in addition, they become functions of the pore pressure rate, and thus indirectly functions of time, which completely changes the nature of Equations (1) and (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values clearly show the current importance of gas in the economy of the European Union. It should be noted that its share will probably increase in the near future, with the planned withdrawal of coal from use as an energy source (cf., e.g., [2]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Rate of Change in Confining and Pore Pressure on Values of the Modulus of Compressibility of the Rock Skeleton and Biot’s Coefficient

Nowakowski

2021

Energies

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This work discusses the results of a study of the influence of rates of change of confining pressure on the result of a drained compressibility tests intended to determine the modulus of compressibility of a rock skeleton Ks. A series of cyclical compressibility tests was performed on samples of sandstone soaked in kerosene, for various rates of compression and decompression of the pressure liquid filling the cell and the pore volume of the sample. The studies showed that the deformability of the tested sample was directly proportional to the rate of change of the confining pressure. As a consequence, the value of the Ks modulus and Biot coefficient α decreased with increasing sample load rate. This phenomenon should be attributed primarily to equilibration of the liquid pressure inside the high-pressure cell with the liquid pressure in the sample pore space, caused by filtration of the pore liquid. These phenomena prove that the filtration process impacts the values of the modulus of compressibility of the rock skeleton Ks and of Biot coefficient α determined on the basis of the experiment. This is significant in the context of the use of Biot equations as constitutive equations for a porous rock medium.

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Section: Materials Identification-constitutive Equation Of the Mediummentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Rate of Change in Confining and Pore Pressure on Values of the Modulus of Compressibility of the Rock Skeleton and Biot’s Coefficient

Nowakowski

2021

Energies

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“…The stability of the cavern is directly dependent on the shape that it forms during the leaching process [13,14]. Additionally, the deformation of the terrain above the underground gas storage facilities located in salt caverns strongly depends on their shape and volume [15]. Two major improvements that have been applied to chamber leaching are the use of echometric measurement results and numerical modelling that simulates the leaching process in WinUbro or SSCLS software.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method to Increase the Leaching Progress of Salt Caverns with the Use of the Hydro-Jet Technique

Chromik

Korzeniowski

2021

Energies

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For the storage of hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or other products, underground caverns left over from the exploitation of salt deposits, or made specifically for this purpose, are successfully used. This article analyses the effectiveness of currently used well-leaching technologies in terms of the possibility of increasing the speed of obtaining industrial brine, better control of the shape of the created cavern, and, as a result, a shorter production time. An innovative solution was proposed, which consisted of creating appropriate niches in the walls of the leach well using the high-pressure hydrojet technique, just before the start of the sump leaching. A series of numerical simulations of the technologies were performed for various combinations of niche locations along the well, determining the successive phases of the formation of the cavern space at individual stages and the brine concentration increments for the two assumed technology scenarios. As a result of the modified technology, the possibility of creating a sump with a volume greater than 17%, compared to the classical method carried out at the same time, was indicated. The resulting sump also had a better shape to partially eliminate the reduction in leaching efficiency due to the accumulation of insoluble matter at the bottom. In addition, the brine obtained according to the modified technology had a 15% higher concentration than in the classical method.

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“…Under the same geological and operating conditions, the horizontal cavern would shrink more than pear-shaped cavern [9,10]. e large volume shrinkage might bring ground subsidence and even lead to the surface collapse [11][12][13][14][15][16], which seriously affects the safety of the underground storage facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Subsidence Prediction Model and Parameter Analysis for Underground Gas Storage in Horizontal Salt Caverns

Zhang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Due to a great demand of natural gas or oil storage in these years, horizontal caverns were proposed to fully use bedded salt formations of China. Under the same geological and operating conditions, the horizontal cavern would shrink more than traditional pear-shaped cavern, which might bring larger ground subsidence and affect the safety of storage facilities. A new prediction model was proposed in this paper for the time-dependent ground subsidence above horizontal caverns. The proposed model considered the impurity of bedded salt formations and simplified the horizontal cavern to an ideal cylinder. The shape of the subsidence trough was determined by the probabilistic integration method, and corresponding calculation formulas for the tilt, curvature, horizontal displacement, and horizontal strain were derived. Based on the assumption that the subsidence volume at the ground was proportional to the reduced volume of horizontal cavern, a formula for the reduced volume over time was established. FLAC3D was introduced to simulate the ground subsidence, and the results show that the proposed prediction model agreed well with the simulation results. Finally, the proposed prediction model was used to analyze the impacts of different stratigraphic parameters and design parameters. The results mainly show that, as the draw angle increases, the subsidence trough becomes deeper and narrower; as the depth of the cavern increases, the maximum subsidence first increases and then decreases, and the subsidence trough gradually becomes round; with the increase of the purity, the subsidence gradually decreases; with the increase of the creep properties and the stress exponential constant, the maximum subsidence first increases rapidly and then slowly approaches the limit; increasing the brine extraction velocity can shorten the cavern construction period and then reduce excessive ground subsidence; the subsidence decreases nonlinearly with the increase of internal pressure; with the increase of the cross section diameter and length of the horizontal cavern, the subsidence presents a significant nonlinear increase. In addition, unlike the traditional pear-shaped cavern, under the same conditions, the ground subsidence above the horizontal cavern according to this newly proposed model is much larger, and the ground subsidence contour line is no longer a standard circle. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the prediction of ground subsidence above salt caverns and also provide a reference for the design and construction. However, the proposed prediction method is ideal and theoretical and should be further improved by engineering practice in the future.

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Surface Deformations Caused by the Convergence of Large Underground Gas Storage Facilities

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

The Influence of Rate of Change in Confining and Pore Pressure on Values of the Modulus of Compressibility of the Rock Skeleton and Biot’s Coefficient

The Influence of Rate of Change in Confining and Pore Pressure on Values of the Modulus of Compressibility of the Rock Skeleton and Biot’s Coefficient

A Method to Increase the Leaching Progress of Salt Caverns with the Use of the Hydro-Jet Technique

Ground Subsidence Prediction Model and Parameter Analysis for Underground Gas Storage in Horizontal Salt Caverns

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