Surface functionalization of few-layer black phosphorene and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin

Qu, Zhencai; Wu, Kun; Jiao, Enxiang; Wu, Kun; Hu, Zhuorong; Xu, Chaochao; Shi, Jun; Wang, Shan; Tan, Zhongchao

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122991

Cited by 119 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Aluminum hypophosphite nanoparticles (possessing a diameter lower than 60 nm) are phosphorus-based compounds that can be used as a flame retardant additive for epoxy resins, even at very low percentages (up to 0.5 wt.% of epoxy) and without any superficial modification [ 78 ]. Phosphorene, a 2D material used as nanofiller, also exhibits high flame retardant efficiency, even when small amounts are added [ 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Nanofillers For Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, higher final decomposition temperatures [ 93 ] and improved flame retardancy are observed. The nanocomposite becomes protected by a thicker surface layer of char residue which acting as oxygen barrier [ 79 ], retardant of mass and heat transfer [ 80 ], as well as hindering the release of pyrolysis products [ 16 ], is able to prevent further oxidative decomposition [ 93 ] or burning [ 43 , 75 , 79 , 81 ]. As already discussed, phosphorus-based nanofillers are highly efficient as flame retardants, but lower decomposition temperatures are observed when they are added to epoxy resins [ 81 ].…”

Section: Properties Of the Epoxy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies

Frigione

Lettieri

2020

Materials

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This paper aims at reviewing the works published in the last five years (2016–2020) on polymer nanocomposites based on epoxy resins. The different nanofillers successfully added to epoxies to enhance some of their characteristics, in relation to the nature and the feature of each nanofiller, are illustrated. The organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructured epoxies are also introduced and their strong potential in many applications has been highlighted. The different methods and routes employed for the production of nanofilled/nanostructured epoxies are described. A discussion of the main properties and final performance, which comprise durability, of epoxy nanocomposites, depending on chemical nature, shape, and size of nanoparticles and on their distribution, is presented. It is also shown why an efficient uniform dispersion of the nanofillers in the epoxy matrix, along with strong interfacial interactions with the polymeric network, will guarantee the success of the application for which the nanocomposite is proposed. The mechanisms yielding to the improved properties in comparison to the neat polymer are illustrated. The most important applications in which these new materials can better exploit their uniqueness are finally presented, also evidencing the aspects that limit a wider diffusion.

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Section: Nanofillers For Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of the Epoxy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies

Frigione

Lettieri

2020

Materials

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“…Although, the application of EP products brings about important convenience, severe flammable dripping and poor thermostability seriously hinder the popularization of EP products in certain special situations 8 . Thus, great attention has been focused on the improvement of flame retardany of EP composites to ensure its products meet corresponding fire‐retardant standards in the relevant industry 9–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Chen

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To develop the functional particles with better flame‐retardant and compatibility with epoxy resin (EP) matrix, organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite (MSiAHP) was prepared by situ polymerization. The water contact angles of MSiAHP (62.4°) is significantly larger than that of aluminum hypophosphite (34.4°), which shows that the organic shell material of MSiAHP endows excellent hydrophobicity and water resistance. With the incorporation of MSiAHP, EP/30%MSiAHP composite exhibits limiting oxygen index value of 27.3% and V‐0 rating. Furthermore, the cone calorimetry test reveals that MSiAHP reduces the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release of EP matrix by 33.3%, 24.4% and 56.6%, respectively. Besides, due to the unique organic–inorganic double‐shell structure of MSiAHP particles, EP/30%MSiAHP composite achieves greater thermal stability and higher char yields than pure EP. The investigation of the products in the gas and condensed phase demonstrates that MSiAHP is beneficial to the generation of a high‐density and compact carbon layer structure with a high graphitization degree, and delay the generation time of pyrolysis products in the gas phase, which can improve the fire safety of EP composites effectively. Furthermore, preeminent dispersion and compatibility of MSiAHP lead to EP/MSiAHP composites with excellent mechanical properties.

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“…Black phosphorus (BP) is a new kind of 2D layered material that is only composed of the phosphorus element [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Recently, BP has been demonstrated to be a good flame retardant [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The high specific surface area of the layered structure can result in an efficient barrier effect in the process of polymer combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Black Phosphorus/Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Enhancing the Flame-Retardant Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism

et al. 2020

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We applied black phosphorene (BP) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanosheets as flame retardants to waterborne polyurethane to fabricate a novel black phosphorus/boron nitride/waterborne polyurethane composite material. The results demonstrated that the limiting oxygen index of the flame-retarded waterborne polyurethane composite increased from 21.7% for pure waterborne polyurethane to 33.8%. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the waterborne polyurethane composite were significantly reduced by 50.94% and 23.92%, respectively, at a flame-retardant content of only 0.4 wt%. The superior refractory performances of waterborne polyurethane composite are attributed to the synergistic effect of BP and BN in the gas phase and condensed phase. This study shows that black phosphorus-based nanocomposites have great potential to improve the fire resistance of polymers.

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Surface functionalization of few-layer black phosphorene and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin

Cited by 119 publications

References 53 publications

Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies

Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Synergistic Effects of Black Phosphorus/Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Enhancing the Flame-Retardant Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism

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