Surface functionalization of quantum dots for biological applications

Karakoti, Ajay; Shukla, Ritesh K.; Shanker, Rishi; Singh, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2014.11.004

Cited by 236 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 175 publications

(197 reference statements)

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“…The stability of the QD-bioconjugates can be improved by incorporating more charged groups at the QD surface, which also allows to work with lower concentration of biomolecules [29,30]. Other reported drawbacks are the difficulty to quantify the non-specific interaction and thus the 'QDs to protein ratio' and orientation of attached biomolecules cannot be controlled [12]. It was also reported that association of proteins with a charged surface of nanoparticles influences the protein secondary structure, which may alter their enzymatic activity [30].…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy results in non-selective binding of molecules and does not depend upon any functional attachment [12].The simplest and most widely used non-covalent bioconjugation approach is electrostatic attachment because it requires no chemical reactions per se. The principle behind electrostatic interaction between QDs and small molecules or biomolecules is the attraction between oppositely charged species [29].…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventually bioconjugation results in a multifunctional nanoparticle that combines the optical/electrochemical properties of QDs with the biological function of the biomolecule [1]. For example, in bio-imaging applications the QDs serve as imaging tag while the attached Igs may serve as the unique targeting agent through the specific antigen binding action [12].…”

Section: Hydrophilization Of Qdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by presence of carboxyl groups) due to the natural positive surface charge of a protein. Relevant protein molecules can also be engineered to express positively charged domains, such as the leucine zipper [51] at the C-terminus, on their surface [12,30]. Another option is the interaction of positively charged His residues (in polyHis-tag motifs of proteins) with QDs-COOH.…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covalent attachment strategies are more popular when a strong bonding and correct orientation of the biomolecules conjugates at the surface of QDs are necessary [12].…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Foubert

Beloglazova

Rajković

et al. 2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

120

110

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Nowadays luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are widely applied in different areas due to their unique optical properties. QDs can be used as photoluminescent labels with excellent possibilities for high-throughput detection and diagnostics. For most of such applications QDs must be coupled to biomolecules, which often represents a fundamental challenge. Although QDs have a lot of advantages over organic dyes, most of the techniques that have been developed for QD functionalization and bioconjugation, are more complicated than the corresponding techniques for organic fluorescent dyes. Here, the importance of choosing a suitable bioconjugation strategy in different applications, such as imaging and assays is described. The main goal of this review is to give a structured and detailed overview and comparison of the most widely used conjugation strategies in function of the active groups (carboxyl, amine, thiol, epoxy, hydroxyl and aldehyde groups) present on QD surface.

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Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrophilization Of Qdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covalent attachment strategies are more popular when a strong bonding and correct orientation of the biomolecules conjugates at the surface of QDs are necessary [12].…”

Section: Bioconjugation By Electrostatic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Foubert

Beloglazova

Rajković

et al. 2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

120

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis

Costa‐Fernández

Fernández-Argüelles

Sanz‐Medel

2016

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Metal nanoparticle processing technologies have been widely developed to the extent that today it is possible to easily fabricate high‐quality photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals, known as ‘quantum dots’ (QDs). Nowadays, the commercial availability of QDs, with varied surface functionalization possibilities, has rendered them very attractive materials for optical sensing in general and biological applications in particular. Current developments achieved by exploiting attractive optical properties of surface‐modified QDs to design and apply them for bioanalysis are revised. The bioconjugation of QDs with biorecognition molecules enables the synthesis of innovative fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging in real‐time and long‐term applications. In addition, the use of such biomolecule‐QD nanohybrids, as a ‘passive’ fluorescent label in order to develop simple and multiplexed immunoassays, offers an extraordinary analytical potential. Besides, QDs have recently arisen considerable interest for the development of Förster resonance energy transfer‐based assays. To conclude, a brief discussion about QDs toxicity issues, along with a short outlook on future directions of continuously growing QD‐based bioanalytical applications, are also included.

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Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents

et al. 2018

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Approximately 1.7 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed this year in the United States leading to 600 000 deaths. Patient survival rates are highly correlated with the stage of cancer diagnosis, with localized and regional remission rates that are much higher than for metastatic cancer. The current standard of care for many solid tumors includes imaging and biopsy with histological assessment. In many cases, after tomographical imaging modalities have identified abnormal morphology consistent with cancer, surgery is performed to remove the primary tumor and evaluate the surrounding lymph nodes. Accurate identification of tumor margins and staging are critical for selecting optimal treatments to minimize recurrence. Visible, fluorescent, and radiolabeled small molecules have been used as contrast agents to improve detection during real-time intraoperative imaging. Unfortunately, current dyes lack the tissue specificity, stability, and signal penetration needed for optimal performance. Quantum dots (QDs) represent an exciting class of fluorescent probes for optical imaging with tunable optical properties, high stability, and the ability to target tumors or lymph nodes based on surface functionalization. Here, state-of-the-art biocompatible QDs are compared with current Food and Drug Administration approved fluorophores used in cancer imaging and a perspective on the pathway to clinical translation is provided.

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Surface functionalization of quantum dots for biological applications

Cited by 236 publications

References 175 publications

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Bioconjugation of quantum dots: Review & impact on future application

Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis

Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents

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