Surface hardness of different restorative materials after long-term immersion in sports and energy drinks

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sports and energy drinks on the surface hardness of different restorative materials over a 6-month period. Forty-two disk-shaped specimens were prepared for each of the four restorative materials tested: Compoglass F, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme, and Premise. Specimens were immersed for 2 min daily, up to 6 months, in six storage solutions (n=7 per material for each solution): distilled water, Powerade, Gatorade, X-IR, Burn, and Red Bull. Surface hardness was measured at baseline, after 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Data were analyzed statistically using repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). Surface hardness of the restorative materials was significantly affected by both immersion solution and immersion period (p<0.001). All tested solutions induced significant reduction in surface hardness of the restorative materials over a 6-month immersion period.

The effect of different beverages on surface hardness of nanohybrid resin composite and giomer

“…However, citric acid has been shown to be aggressive for dental hard tissues and resin-based restorative materials. [13] The influence of the acidity increasingly dissolves the matrix, along with any unstable glass particles in a low pH value drink. High acidity might have a greater softening effect on the resin matrix, thus promoting the dislodgement and leaching out of filler particles and reducing the load resistance of restorative materials.…”

“…High acidity might have a greater softening effect on the resin matrix, thus promoting the dislodgement and leaching out of filler particles and reducing the load resistance of restorative materials. [13] In comparison to a giomer, resin composite was found to be less affected by low pH beverages or acid solution. [13] Therefore, Premise resin composite exhibited less change in surface hardness values than Beautifil II giomer.…”

“…[13] In comparison to a giomer, resin composite was found to be less affected by low pH beverages or acid solution. [13] Therefore, Premise resin composite exhibited less change in surface hardness values than Beautifil II giomer.…”

“…[5] However, consumption of acidic food, fruit juices, soft drinks, coffee, tea, or wine, can result in surface damage and decrease hardness, esthetic quality, and other properties of resin composite and giomer. [67891011] There are a number of studies reporting the different surface hardness effects of beverages on resin composite and giomer,[7101213] but only a few of the studies reported effects of apple cider, orange juice, Coca-Cola, coffee, and beer on surface hardness of nanohybrid resin composite and giomer. In addition, the previous studies[712] presented the continuous immersion of resin composite in the selected beverages.…”

Surface changes of various bulk‐fill resin‐based composites after exposure to different food‐simulating liquid and beverages

“…The surface degradation of RBCs were associated with the pH and the titratable acidity, which corresponds to previous studies. 23,26,27 Moreover, many studies have shown that acids might change the physical properties of RBCs under acidic conditions over time, [16][17][18][19][20] succinic acid, and 0.06% ascorbic acid. However, citric acid has been claimed to be erosive for dental hard tissues and RBC materials.…”