Surface Modification Enabling Reproducible Cantilever Functionalization for Industrial Gas Sensors

Mamou, Daniel; Nsubuga, Lawrence; Marcondes, Tatiana Lisboa; Høegh, Simon Overgaard; Hvam, Jeanette; Niekiel, Florian; Lofink, Fabian; Rubahn, Horst‐Günter; Hansen, Roana Melina de Oliveira

doi:10.3390/s21186041

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Table 2 demonstrates the popularity of cantilever sensors as sensing platforms. The underlying principles behind static and dynamic-mode cantilevers is well understood and functionalization of these platforms has been demonstrated for numerous analytes [ 52 , 53 ]. The first way in which this enhancement can be achieved is through measuring the deflection of the cantilever using laser light.…”

Section: Mechanical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Optomechanical Sensors—Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures for Enhanced Sensitivity

McGovern

Hernik

Grogan

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The term optomechanical sensors describes devices based on coupling the optical and mechanical sensing principles. The presence of a target analyte leads to a mechanical change, which, in turn, determines an alteration in the light propagation. Having higher sensitivity in comparison with the individual technologies upon which they are based, the optomechanical devices are used in biosensing, humidity, temperature, and gases detection. This perspective focuses on a particular class, namely on devices based on diffractive optical structures (DOS). Many configurations have been developed, including cantilever- and MEMS-type devices, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and cavity optomechanical sensing devices. These state-of-the-art sensors operate on the principle of a mechanical transducer coupled with a diffractive element resulting in a variation in the intensity or wavelength of the diffracted light in the presence of the target analyte. Therefore, as DOS can further enhance the sensitivity and selectivity, we present the individual mechanical and optical transducing methods and demonstrate how the DOS introduction can lead to an enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Their (low-) cost manufacturing and their integration in new sensing platforms with great adaptability across many sensing areas are discussed, being foreseen that their implementation on wider application areas will further increase.

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Section: Mechanical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Optomechanical Sensors—Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures for Enhanced Sensitivity

McGovern

Hernik

Grogan

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…In CFM (Clear and Nealey 1999;Takano et al, 1999;Okabe et al, 2000;Fiorini et al, 2001;Kreller et al, 2002;Brewer and Leggett 2004;Gourianova et al, 2005;Cameron et al, 2006;Dague et al, 2007;Dufrene 2008;Foster et al, 2009;Sirghi et al, 2009;Barattin and Voyer 2011;Teobaldi et al, 2011;Alsteens et al, 2012;Picas et al, 2012;Beaussart et al, 2014;Hibino and Nakano-Nishida 2014), cantilever tips are chemically functionalized with particular functional groups for performing specific functions in a system. CFM relies on two approaches: microcantilever-based biosensors (MC-B) (Subramanian and Catchmark 2007;Lang and Gerber 2008;Gruber et al, 2011;Johnson and Mutharasan 2012;Peiner and Wasisto 2019;Bennett et al, 2020;Lee and Lee 2020;Mamou et al, 2021) and nanomechanical cantilever sensors (NCS) to achieve these goals of characterizing and understanding the system at single-molecule level with high reproducibility and repeatability. The microcantilever-based biosensing utilizes the specific binding of biomolecules for analytical sensing.…”

Section: Afm As Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing, Characterization of Biosensors, and Improved Drug Delivery Approaches Using Atomic Force Microscopy: A Review

Sarkar

2022

Front. Nanotechnol.

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Since its invention, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has come forth as a powerful member of the “scanning probe microscopy” (SPM) family and an unparallel platform for high-resolution imaging and characterization for inorganic and organic samples, especially biomolecules, biosensors, proteins, DNA, and live cells. AFM characterizes any sample by measuring interaction force between the AFM cantilever tip (the probe) and the sample surface, and it is advantageous over other SPM and electron micron microscopy techniques as it can visualize and characterize samples in liquid, ambient air, and vacuum. Therefore, it permits visualization of three-dimensional surface profiles of biological specimens in the near-physiological environment without sacrificing their native structures and functions and without using laborious sample preparation protocols such as freeze-drying, staining, metal coating, staining, or labeling. Biosensors are devices comprising a biological or biologically extracted material (assimilated in a physicochemical transducer) that are utilized to yield electronic signal proportional to the specific analyte concentration. These devices utilize particular biochemical reactions moderated by isolated tissues, enzymes, organelles, and immune system for detecting chemical compounds via thermal, optical, or electrical signals. Other than performing high-resolution imaging and nanomechanical characterization (e.g., determining Young’s modulus, adhesion, and deformation) of biosensors, AFM cantilever (with a ligand functionalized tip) can be transformed into a biosensor (microcantilever-based biosensors) to probe interactions with a particular receptors of choice on live cells at a single-molecule level (using AFM-based single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques) and determine interaction forces and binding kinetics of ligand receptor interactions. Targeted drug delivery systems or vehicles composed of nanoparticles are crucial in novel therapeutics. These systems leverage the idea of targeted delivery of the drug to the desired locations to reduce side effects. AFM is becoming an extremely useful tool in figuring out the topographical and nanomechanical properties of these nanoparticles and other drug delivery carriers. AFM also helps determine binding probabilities and interaction forces of these drug delivery carriers with the targeted receptors and choose the better agent for drug delivery vehicle by introducing competitive binding. In this review, we summarize contributions made by us and other researchers so far that showcase AFM as biosensors, to characterize other sensors, to improve drug delivery approaches, and to discuss future possibilities.

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“…Another sensitive technique for gas sensing with perspectives for miniaturization and portable gas sensing solutions consists of piezoelectric resonators, including cantilevers, membranes and quartz crystals. Demonstrations of portable gas sensing solutions for selected targets have been demonstrated [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and selectivity can be achieved by applying a selective binder to the surface of the piezoelectric resonator. When the target molecules bind to the sensor surface, changes in mass can be measured as changes in the resonance frequency/impedance of the sensor.…”

Section: Gas Sensing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Biomarkers as Disease Indicators: Sensing Techniques Approach for Detecting Breath Gas and COVID-19

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Extensive research shows that there is a close correlation between a disease diagnostic and the patient’s exhale breath gas composition. It has been demonstrated, for example, that patients with a diabetes diagnosis have a certain level of acetone fume in their exhale breath. Actually, symptoms from many other diseases could be easily diagnosed if appropriate and reliable gas sensing technologies are available. The COVID-19 pandemic has created demand for a cheap and quick screening tool for the disease, where breath biomarker screening could be a very promising approach. It has been shown that COVID-19 patients potentially present a simultaneous increase in ethanal (acetaldehyde) and acetone in their exhale breath. In this paper, we explore two different sensing approaches to detect ethanal/acetone, namely by colorimetric markers, which could for example be integrated into facemasks, and by a breathalyzer containing a functionalized quartz crystal microbalance. Both approaches can successfully detect the presence of a biomarker gas on a person’s breath and this could potentially revolutionize the future of healthcare in terms of non-invasive and early-stage detection of various diseases.

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Surface Modification Enabling Reproducible Cantilever Functionalization for Industrial Gas Sensors

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

The Development of Optomechanical Sensors—Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures for Enhanced Sensitivity

The Development of Optomechanical Sensors—Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures for Enhanced Sensitivity

Biosensing, Characterization of Biosensors, and Improved Drug Delivery Approaches Using Atomic Force Microscopy: A Review

Breath Biomarkers as Disease Indicators: Sensing Techniques Approach for Detecting Breath Gas and COVID-19

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