Abstract:Antimicrobial surface is important for the inhibition of bacteria or biofilm formation on biomaterials. The objective of this study was to immobilize a novel hydrophilic polymer containing the antibacterial moiety onto polyurethane surface via a simple surface coating technology to make the surface not only antibacterial but also antifouling. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized, characterized and incorporated onto polyvinylpyrrolidone containing succinimidyl functional groups, fo… Show more
“…31,32 Furanone-containing compounds are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological and physiological properties including but limited to antitumor, antibiotic, hemorrhagic, and insecticidal activities, 55 although their biological mechanism is still under investigation. 55 Our previous studies on using the 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone-containing polymers to modify dental composites 33,34 and polyurethane surface 35 have been found effective in inhibiting the growth of several bacteria species. To explore the application of 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in PVC surface, we proposed to link 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, through a polymerizable molecule 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, to the hydrophilic polymer PVAA, covalently tether the PVAA to the activated PVC surface, and investigate the effect of the formed polymer on PVC surface antibacterial and cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant functions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…31,32 In addition, the modified polyurethane surface showed significantly reduced cell and protein attachments. 35…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…33 We have validated this antibacterial effect on dental restoratives 33,34 and polyurethane surface coating. 35 These derivatives were covalently linked to composites or surface and killed bacteria or inhibited bacterial growth by simple contact but not by release, eliminating the potential cytotoxicity of the derivatives to the tissues. 33,34 In these studies, it was also found that the derivative-modified restoratives did not significantly interact with human saliva, limiting negative protein effects on antibacterial functions, 33,34 unlike quaternary ammonium salt-containing materials.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…31,32 In addition, the modified polyurethane surface showed significantly reduced cell and protein attachments. 35 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is a commonly used thermoplastic polymer for biomedical application due to its low cost, easy processing, and low toxicity. 1 This polymer has been used in making many cardiovascular devices including but being not limited to artificial catheters, blood vessels, dialysis pumps, etc.…”
This study reports synthesis and attachment of a novel antibacterial and hydrophilic polymer onto a polyvinylchloride surface via a simple and mild surface coating technique. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized and copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The copolymer was then covalently coated onto polyvinylchloride surface. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to evaluate surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the polymer-modified polyvinylchloride surface not only exhibited significantly decreased 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion with a 64–84% reduction but also demonstrated significantly decreased P. aeruginosa adhesion with a 65–84% reduction, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. Furthermore, the modified polyvinylchloride surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial functions by inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth with a 58–80% reduction and killing bacteria, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. These results demonstrate that covalent polymer attachment conferred cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial properties to the polyvinylchloride surface.
“…31,32 Furanone-containing compounds are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological and physiological properties including but limited to antitumor, antibiotic, hemorrhagic, and insecticidal activities, 55 although their biological mechanism is still under investigation. 55 Our previous studies on using the 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone-containing polymers to modify dental composites 33,34 and polyurethane surface 35 have been found effective in inhibiting the growth of several bacteria species. To explore the application of 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in PVC surface, we proposed to link 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, through a polymerizable molecule 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, to the hydrophilic polymer PVAA, covalently tether the PVAA to the activated PVC surface, and investigate the effect of the formed polymer on PVC surface antibacterial and cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant functions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…31,32 In addition, the modified polyurethane surface showed significantly reduced cell and protein attachments. 35…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…33 We have validated this antibacterial effect on dental restoratives 33,34 and polyurethane surface coating. 35 These derivatives were covalently linked to composites or surface and killed bacteria or inhibited bacterial growth by simple contact but not by release, eliminating the potential cytotoxicity of the derivatives to the tissues. 33,34 In these studies, it was also found that the derivative-modified restoratives did not significantly interact with human saliva, limiting negative protein effects on antibacterial functions, 33,34 unlike quaternary ammonium salt-containing materials.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…31,32 In addition, the modified polyurethane surface showed significantly reduced cell and protein attachments. 35 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is a commonly used thermoplastic polymer for biomedical application due to its low cost, easy processing, and low toxicity. 1 This polymer has been used in making many cardiovascular devices including but being not limited to artificial catheters, blood vessels, dialysis pumps, etc.…”
This study reports synthesis and attachment of a novel antibacterial and hydrophilic polymer onto a polyvinylchloride surface via a simple and mild surface coating technique. The compound 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone was derivatized and copolymerized with N-vinylpyrrolidone. The copolymer was then covalently coated onto polyvinylchloride surface. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to evaluate surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the polymer-modified polyvinylchloride surface not only exhibited significantly decreased 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion with a 64–84% reduction but also demonstrated significantly decreased P. aeruginosa adhesion with a 65–84% reduction, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. Furthermore, the modified polyvinylchloride surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial functions by inhibiting P. aeruginosa growth with a 58–80% reduction and killing bacteria, as compared to unmodified polyvinylchloride. These results demonstrate that covalent polymer attachment conferred cell/bacterial adhesion-resistant and antibacterial properties to the polyvinylchloride surface.
“…In release killing mechanism, antimicrobial agents and reactive oxygen species are produced near the surface which causes cytoplasmic efflux, decreases metabolism, affects lipid membrane, induces oxidative stress and finally causes microbial death. In the contact killing mechanism, sharp edges or nano-knives of GBNs due to their single or few layer structure play their role in the near-surface to kill the incoming microbes and instantly damaging the microbial agents if adhered to the surface [ 25 , 66 , 92 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Graphene and Mnps As Antimicrobial Agents In Surface Coatingsmentioning
The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant and topmost global health challenge of today. SARS-CoV-2 can propagate through several direct or indirect means resulting in its exponential spread in short times. Consequently, finding new research based real-world and feasible solutions to interrupt the spread of pathogenic microorganisms is indispensable. It has been established that this virus can survive on a variety of available surfaces ranging from a few hours to a few days, which has increased the risk of COVID-19 spread to large populations. Currently, available surface disinfectant chemicals provide only a temporary solution and are not recommended to be used in the long run due to their toxicity and irritation. Apart from the urgent development of vaccine and antiviral drugs, there is also a need to design and develop surface disinfectant antiviral coatings for long-term applications even for new variants. The unique physicochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have been widely investigated for antimicrobial applications. However, the research work for their use in antimicrobial surface coatings is minimal. This perspective enlightens the scope of using GBNs as antimicrobial/antiviral surface coatings to reduce the spread of transmittable microorganisms, precisely, SARS-CoV-2. This study attempts to demonstrate the synergistic effect of GBNs and metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), for their potential antiviral applications in the development of surface disinfectant coatings. Some proposed mechanisms for the antiviral activity of the graphene family against SARS-CoV-2 has also been explained. It is anticipated that this study will potentially lead to new insights and future trends to develop a framework for further investigation on this research area of pivotal importance to minimize the transmission of current and any future viral outbreaks.
Polyurethane (PU) is a well-known synthetic polymer consisting of isocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders. The incorporation of fillers into the PU polymeric matrix, including inorganic nanomaterials, synthetic polymers, natural components, quaternary ammonium salts, and commercial drugs, bestows the endproducts with unique and improved physicochemical properties. Fillers can be used to tailor the molecular orientation, crystallinity, cross-linking, and functional chemical groups of PU-based composites. The bactericidal ability of PU composites highly depends on their surface composition, morphology, charge, and stability. Recent advancements highlight the potential of PU composites in combating bacterial infections. In this review, the cutting-edge of inorganic and organicbased PU composites for antibacterial applications is addressed. Notably, selective examples of scientific reports' key findings and their crucial information on PU composites are discussed. Furthermore, the positive impact of PU composites on the future prospects of this field is explored. This review comprehensively deliberates the values of PU composites towards practical applications in the biomedical field of antibacterial activity. This review can help researchers to gain widespread knowledge and a better understanding of PU composites for antibacterial applications.
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