“…It is becoming increasingly difficult to combat bacterial infection due to the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of bacteria, which leads to serious problems such as failure of medical devices and threats to global public health (Arciola, Campoccia, Speziale, Montanaro, & Costerton, 2012;Hall-Stoodley, Costerton, & Stoodley, 2004;Kim et al, 2015;Neoh, Li, Kang, Chiong, & Tambyah, 2017;Wei, Tang, Yu, & Chen, 2017). This has led to over 13 million deaths worldwide per year from infectious diseases (Song & Jang, 2014).…”