Surface-Mounted Metal–Organic Frameworks: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous materials composed of organic linkers and metal centers/clusters. The integration of MOFs onto the solid surface as thin films/coatings has spurred great interest, thanks to leveraging control over their morphology (such as size- and shape-regulated crystals) and orientation, flexible processability, and easy recyclability. These aspects, in synergy, promise a wide range of applications, including but not limited to gas/liquid separations, chemical sensing, and electronics. Dozens of innovative methods have been developed to manipulate MOFs on various solid substrates for academic studies and potential industrial applications. Among the developed deposition methods, the liquid-phase epitaxial layer-by-layer (LPE-LbL) method has demonstrated its merits over precise control of the thickness, roughness, homogeneity, and orientations, among others. Herein, we discuss the major developments of surface-mounted MOFs (SURMOFs) in LbL process optimization, summarizing the SURMOFs’ performance in different applications, and put forward our perspective on the future of SURMOFs in terms of advances in the formulation, applications, and challenges. Finally, future prospects and challenges with respect to SURMOFs growth will be discussed, keeping the focus on their widening applications.

Porphyrinischer MOF‐Film für vielfältige elektrochemische Sensorik

“…[9] Für das Ziel der elektrochemischen Anwendungen ist die Integration von PP-MOFs auf festen Oberflächen als Film eine Voraussetzung, die wir hier erreichen. [10] Neulich wurde Mn-PCN-222, modifiziert mit Polyglutaminsäure, bereits als elektrochemischer H 2 O 2 -Sensor eingesetzt. [9b] Die Vorteile von Mn-PCN-222 beruhen jedoch auf der rationalen Kombination von Metalloporphyrin-Redoxstellen mit Porosität, die jeweils einen einfachen Elektronenund Analytentransport ermçglichen.…”

Guest Alignment and Defect Formation during Pore Filling in Metal–Organic Framework Films

“…The concept of functional guests confined in MOF films (often referred to as guest@MOF films) is particularly attractive as it expands the possible applications beyond traditional fields of high‐surface‐area materials. It has been shown that the electrical and optical properties of orientation‐controlled guest@MOF films often strongly depend on the orientation of the confined guest [7–12] . The function of the material can be further tuned by the degree of pore filling, i.e.…”

Surface-Oriented Assembly of Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Framework Film for Enhanced Peptide-Enantiomers Sensing

“…via adsorption of self-assembled monolayers, SAMs) have exhibited a high degree of orientation, tunable thickness, and high structural quality often exceeding that of bulk MOF materials. [54][55][56] Although the application of the lbl scheme to be realized highly oriented γCD-MOF appears to be straightforward, no successful realization has been reported so far. A first challenge in this context is the fact that so far a successful application of the lbl method using aqueous conditions has not been reported.…”