Surface properties of polyethylene: Effect of an amphipathic additive

Allan, A. J. G.

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(59)90044-3

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This literature has had a rebirth in the late 1980s and 1990s [26 to 28] for linear low-density polyethylenes. The precipitation of fluoropolymers on die surfaces and its ability to induce slip in polyethylene [11,12,14,15,29] over a very wide range of conditions has also been noted. Reports of slippage with polymers other than polyethylene are scarce.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Slippagementioning

confidence: 97%

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Influence of Low Molecular Weight Additives on Die Extrusion Rheometer Flow of Thermoplastic Melts

Ahn

White

2003

International Polymer Processing

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An experimental study of slippage induced in various thermoplastics in rheometers by the presence of small amount of low molecular weight additives is described. Capillary and coneplate experiments are reported. A series of polymers of varying polarity including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly (methyl methacrylate) and polyamide 12 are compared. Five eighteen-carbon amphiphilic x-compounds are used as additives including octadecanoic acid, octadecanamide, octadecanol, calcium stearate and zinc stearate. The greatest effects were found in polyethylene and polypropylene. Little or no effects are found with the other polymers. The most effective additives were octadecanoic acid and zinc stearate. Octadecanamide and octadecanol had some effectiveness. Mechanisms for this behavior are described.

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Section: Occurrence Of Slippagementioning

confidence: 97%

“…It would seem to occur in polyisoprenes [30]. Lee and White [14,15] find fluoropolymer additives are effective for polyethylene but not for polystyrene, or polyamide 12.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Slippagementioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Low Molecular Weight Additives on Die Extrusion Rheometer Flow of Thermoplastic Melts

Ahn

White

2003

International Polymer Processing

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“…21 In these situations, detailed studies have also been conducted on the change in concentration with the passage of time under various conditions of many stabilizers and antistatic agents for PP and polyethylene. [22][23][24][25] The flame retardancy at the initial stage and after aging, the migration rate and the activation energy, and the relation between the rate and the chemical structure have been studied and analyzed for PP with various flame retardants added to it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of additives and deterioration with passage of time in polypropylene

Inata¹,

Maki

Ishikawa

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The diffusion of additives and the deterioration with the passage of time in polypropylene (PP) were studied by using the UL flaming test and the oxygen index test to measure the flame retardancy. The weight change was also measured. The decreases with the lapse of time were observed for multiple flame retardants. Aliphatic brominated compounds showed the best result for flame retardancy in the initial stage of combustion. The best flame retardants for PP to inhibit the deterioration of flame retardancy with the passage of time were brominated hydrocarbon with more than two aromatic rings connected by a functional group or isocyanurate, and phosphates connected with a branching aliphatic hydrocarbon. The weight of the loss was plotted as a function of aging time and temperature to elucidate why the flame retardancy deteriorated. The apparent diffusion constant depends on the temperature and the rate was expressed with the Arrhenius equation. The concentration of flame retardant in PP was calculated by the constant and the equation at arbitrary time after thermal aging. The relation between the performance and chemical structure of the additives was also discussed.

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“…Bei Substanzen ahnlichen Molgewichts wurde ein Verfahren in der Literatur beschrieben44, das durch kontinuierliche Extraktion mit Wasser die Migration mittels Diffusionsgleichungen zu bestimmen gestattet. 10-12 6,7 [10][11][12]. J e 10 Platten im Format 65 x 40 x 1 mm wurden kontinuierlich rnit je 70 ml vollentsalztem Wasser geschiittelt.…”

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“…Dieses Verfahren wurde rnit Ausnahme des Berechnungsganges iibernommen. Vestolen BT 8000 + 2 T. K30+ 1 T. G1 A 2,O .10-12 5,7 [10][11][12]. Nach bestimmten Zeiten wurde in dem Wasser der Li-Gehalt bestimmt und die Extraktion mit frischem Wasser fortgefuhrt.…”

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Über die verteilung und migration von antistatika in formstücken aus polyolefinen und polystyrol

Rombusch

Maahs

1973

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Bereits unmittelbar nach dem Spritzguß von Platten aus Polyolefinen und schlagfestem Polystyrol, die anionenaktive Antistatika (Lithium‐Salze von carboxy‐methylierten Alkanoloxäthylaten sowie Alkan‐und Alkylbenzol‐sulfonsäuren) enthielten, war ein Gleichgewichtszustand zwishen den auf der Oberfläche und im Innern der Formstücke befindlichen Antistatika‐Molekülen festzustellen, d. h. die Höhe der Oberflächenbelegung veränderte sich während mehrwöchiger Lagerung nur noch geringfügig. Sie war abhängig von der Art des Polymeren und der Art und der Konzentration des Antistatikums. Sie nahm beträchtlich zu bei zusätzlicher Einarbeitung von Glycerin um das 2‐bis 21fache, was auf eine Förderung der Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit des Antistatikums durch die Anwesenheit von Glycerin zurückgeführt wird. Aus Abwaschversuchen wurde geschlossen, daß sich unterhalb der Oberfläche beim Spritzguß ein Minimum in der Antistatikum‐Konzentration einstellt, welches sich bei längerem Lagern der Prüfkörper auffüllt. Durch kontinuierliches Extrahieren wurden Diffusionskoeffizienten für die Antistatika erhalten, die in guter Relation zu den Oberflächenbelegungswerten stehen.

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Surface properties of polyethylene: Effect of an amphipathic additive

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of Low Molecular Weight Additives on Die Extrusion Rheometer Flow of Thermoplastic Melts

Influence of Low Molecular Weight Additives on Die Extrusion Rheometer Flow of Thermoplastic Melts

Diffusion of additives and deterioration with passage of time in polypropylene

Über die verteilung und migration von antistatika in formstücken aus polyolefinen und polystyrol

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